{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403863432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585","title":"Dynamic Incentive Design for Federated Learning Based on Consortium Blockchain Using a Stackelberg Game","display_name":"Dynamic Incentive Design for Federated Learning Based on Consortium Blockchain Using a Stackelberg Game","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403863432","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020090480","display_name":"Baofu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0614-9461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baofu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0614-9461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100661842","display_name":"Bing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-418X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-418X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048602679","display_name":"Katinka Wolter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-0869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katinka Wolter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute für Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8630-0869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute für Informatik, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135082","display_name":"Raja Jurdak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-0782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I160993911","display_name":"Queensland University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03pnv4752","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Jurdak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7517-0782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I160993911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100397066","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7163-4062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7163-4062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564575","display_name":"Yuanyuan Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5654-3253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101474666","display_name":"Yi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0920-7366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9079173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"160267","last_page":"160283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7922000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.7922000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9360324144363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.9293507933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.7251993417739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7195695638656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.49261289834976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4224206507205963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.16866350173950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.06229567527770996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9360324144363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.9293507933616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.7251993417739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195695638656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.49261289834976196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4224206507205963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.40843576192855835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16866350173950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.06229567527770996}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a3a21e67e1474eb3ba287e8e8f62a586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a3a21e67e1474eb3ba287e8e8f62a586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 160267-160283 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487585","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487585","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G261738691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202406090038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2051271066","https://openalex.org/W2084378950","https://openalex.org/W2122312179","https://openalex.org/W2750384547","https://openalex.org/W2920095265","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W2978422189","https://openalex.org/W2980713544","https://openalex.org/W2997859350","https://openalex.org/W3001299093","https://openalex.org/W3001989995","https://openalex.org/W3006921589","https://openalex.org/W3010852232","https://openalex.org/W3030218575","https://openalex.org/W3034615201","https://openalex.org/W3088798601","https://openalex.org/W3095611529","https://openalex.org/W3101220048","https://openalex.org/W3112877893","https://openalex.org/W3113149354","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3121442875","https://openalex.org/W3127561923","https://openalex.org/W3135704163","https://openalex.org/W3155189475","https://openalex.org/W3156681210","https://openalex.org/W3161868942","https://openalex.org/W3204496228","https://openalex.org/W4200217444","https://openalex.org/W4210485920","https://openalex.org/W4294811276","https://openalex.org/W4295806247","https://openalex.org/W4310055702","https://openalex.org/W4313058670","https://openalex.org/W4318484045","https://openalex.org/W4323065915","https://openalex.org/W4360981747","https://openalex.org/W4361983129","https://openalex.org/W4385245701","https://openalex.org/W4385485281","https://openalex.org/W4386141508","https://openalex.org/W4387831692","https://openalex.org/W4392203590","https://openalex.org/W4399665748","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6743688258","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120184307","https://openalex.org/W1000249520","https://openalex.org/W2605497830","https://openalex.org/W1976052704","https://openalex.org/W3169439878","https://openalex.org/W2050614322","https://openalex.org/W2948291551","https://openalex.org/W2062756478","https://openalex.org/W2005538035","https://openalex.org/W1973001558"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0],"learning":[1,19],"(FL)":[2],"has":[3],"emerged":[4],"as":[5,35,115,125],"a":[6,17,43,56,62,68,99,144],"powerful":[7],"privacy-preserving":[8],"approach":[9],"that":[10,156],"enables":[11],"multiple":[12],"devices":[13],"to":[14,41,66,79,90,164],"collaboratively":[15],"train":[16],"machine":[18],"model":[20],"without":[21],"sharing":[22],"raw":[23],"data.":[24],"To":[25],"motivate":[26],"client":[27],"participation":[28],"and":[29,60,70,85,93,106,122,135,141,152],"protect":[30],"against":[31],"malicious":[32,172,189],"threats":[33],"such":[34],"poisoning":[36],"attacks,":[37],"it":[38],"is":[39,77,88],"necessary":[40],"design":[42,61,98],"fair":[44],"trading":[45,72],"platform":[46],"with":[47,187],"an":[48],"incentive":[49,64,101],"mechanism.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"paper,":[53],"we":[54,97],"propose":[55],"blockchain-based":[57],"FL":[58],"framework":[59,159],"dynamic":[63,100],"mechanism":[65,76,102],"establish":[67],"decentralized":[69],"transparent":[71],"platform.":[73],"A":[74],"reputation":[75,105],"employed":[78],"assess":[80],"the":[81,111,116,119,123,167,176,180],"reliability":[82],"of":[83,130],"participants,":[84,124],"blockchain":[86],"technology":[87],"utilized":[89],"ensure":[91],"secure":[92],"tamper-proof":[94],"management.":[95],"Additionally,":[96],"based":[103,137],"on":[104,138,149],"Stackelberg":[107],"game":[108],"theory,":[109],"where":[110],"task":[112],"publisher,":[113],"acting":[114],"leader,":[117],"determines":[118],"total":[120],"reward,":[121],"followers,":[126],"decide":[127],"their":[128,139],"level":[129],"engagement.":[131],"Participants":[132],"are":[133],"selected":[134],"rewarded":[136],"reputations":[140],"bids,":[142],"within":[143],"constrained":[145],"budget.":[146],"Experimental":[147],"results":[148],"MNIST,":[150],"Fashion-MNIST":[151],"CIFAR-10":[153],"datasets":[154],"demonstrate":[155],"our":[157],"proposed":[158],"effectively":[160],"promotes":[161],"high-quality":[162],"participants":[163,173],"engage":[165],"in":[166],"training":[168,177],"task.":[169],"It":[170],"prevents":[171],"from":[174],"disrupting":[175],"process,":[178],"maintaining":[179],"high":[181],"accuracy":[182],"across":[183],"different":[184],"scenarios,":[185],"even":[186],"50%":[188],"participants.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}