{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403826905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130","title":"Compact Multilayer PCB-Based Marchand Baluns With Maximized Fractional Bandwidth","display_name":"Compact Multilayer PCB-Based Marchand Baluns With Maximized Fractional Bandwidth","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403826905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084074462","display_name":"J. McA. Steele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2645-6416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27577105","display_name":"University College Cork","ror":"https://ror.org/03265fv13","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Steele","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork 021, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2645-6416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork 021, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27577105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022774208","display_name":"Dimitra Psychogiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4026"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitra Psychogiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tyndall National Institute, Cork 021, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-4026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tyndall National Institute, Cork 021, Ireland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.3275,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95956104,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"160982","last_page":"160991"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9453999996185303,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/balun","display_name":"Balun","score":0.8409968614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6641428470611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-bandwidth","display_name":"Fractional bandwidth","score":0.6394568681716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4385719895362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.417687326669693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33576783537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19955816864967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16837462782859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.11485138535499573}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114489654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q805838","display_name":"Balun","level":3,"score":0.8409968614578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6641428470611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020798190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249998","display_name":"Fractional bandwidth","level":3,"score":0.6394568681716919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4385719895362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.417687326669693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33576783537864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19955816864967346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16837462782859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.11485138535499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07518564d0674d89a43e845d40dff0f1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07518564d0674d89a43e845d40dff0f1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 160982-160991 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3487130","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3487130","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1952355596","https://openalex.org/W1964045983","https://openalex.org/W1968013028","https://openalex.org/W1976534382","https://openalex.org/W1994287771","https://openalex.org/W2007234024","https://openalex.org/W2011250180","https://openalex.org/W2018346725","https://openalex.org/W2025400711","https://openalex.org/W2027731767","https://openalex.org/W2034400009","https://openalex.org/W2051402702","https://openalex.org/W2080010010","https://openalex.org/W2117174114","https://openalex.org/W2120020915","https://openalex.org/W2120173544","https://openalex.org/W2120385495","https://openalex.org/W2126449596","https://openalex.org/W2128977550","https://openalex.org/W2130364400","https://openalex.org/W2130455983","https://openalex.org/W2134025518","https://openalex.org/W2139103104","https://openalex.org/W2139805639","https://openalex.org/W2148766127","https://openalex.org/W2148810903","https://openalex.org/W2152042084","https://openalex.org/W2152405710","https://openalex.org/W2155934226","https://openalex.org/W2157546137","https://openalex.org/W2165338812","https://openalex.org/W2264386706","https://openalex.org/W2268366026","https://openalex.org/W2288643777","https://openalex.org/W2417444561","https://openalex.org/W2743131865","https://openalex.org/W2801425691","https://openalex.org/W2932650350","https://openalex.org/W2966576102","https://openalex.org/W2982518303","https://openalex.org/W2996875123","https://openalex.org/W3001113244","https://openalex.org/W3037666835","https://openalex.org/W3041827206","https://openalex.org/W4200290693","https://openalex.org/W4233142565","https://openalex.org/W4285157841","https://openalex.org/W4285223155","https://openalex.org/W4312833081","https://openalex.org/W4396782769","https://openalex.org/W6693282852"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289099469","https://openalex.org/W1978844012","https://openalex.org/W2889595684","https://openalex.org/W2154079588","https://openalex.org/W2760727163","https://openalex.org/W2554312918","https://openalex.org/W2028860638","https://openalex.org/W2045838544","https://openalex.org/W2051955732","https://openalex.org/W2121159251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"manuscript":[1],"is":[2,97],"centred":[3],"around":[4],"a":[5,30,35,89],"unique":[6],"and":[7,17,41,62,70,80,88,93,120,139,147,160,174,181,192,201,210],"comprehensive":[8,91],"RF":[9],"design":[10,74,95,113],"methodology":[11],"that":[12],"allows":[13],"to":[14,99],"accurately":[15],"predict":[16],"maximize":[18],"the":[19,101,108,111,170],"fractional":[20],"bandwidth":[21],"(FBW)":[22],"of":[23,110,131,158,165],"multilayer-based":[24],"Marchand":[25],"baluns":[26],"(MBs)":[27],"while":[28],"achieving":[29],"highly-miniaturized":[31],"footprint":[32],"based":[33],"on":[34],"commercially":[36],"available":[37],"PCB":[38,56],"process.":[39],"Miniaturization":[40],"enhanced":[42],"coupling":[43],"between":[44,153,178],"its":[45],"coupled":[46,118],"lines":[47,67,123],"are":[48,68,84,124],"facilitated":[49],"using":[50,59,117],"spiral-shaped":[51],"broadside-coupled":[52],"lines.":[53],"Two":[54],"alternative":[55],"integration":[57,73],"schemes":[58],"stripline":[60],"(SL)":[61],"embedded":[63],"microstrip":[64],"(EMS)":[65],"transmission":[66,122],"developed":[69],"compared.":[71],"Practical":[72],"aspects":[75],"affecting":[76],"phase":[77],"imbalance":[78,82],"(PI),":[79],"amplitude":[81],"(AI)":[83],"discussed":[85],"in":[86],"detail":[87],"new":[90],"simulation-":[92],"equation-based":[94],"method":[96],"described":[98],"optimise":[100],"balun\u2019s":[102],"balanced":[103],"signal":[104],"quality.":[105],"To":[106],"verify":[107],"potential":[109],"proposed":[112],"concept,":[114],"two":[115],"MBs":[116],"SL":[119],"EMS":[121],"experimentally":[125],"validated":[126],"at":[127],"C-band":[128],"with":[129],"footprints":[130],"<inline-formula":[132,140,184,193,202,211],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,141,185,194,203,212],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[134,142,186,195,204,213],"<tex-math":[135,143,187,196,205,214],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.0033~\\lambda":[136],"_{g}^{2}$":[137,145],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[138,191,208,217],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.0022~\\lambda":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[146,200],"10":[148],"dB":[149,180,209],"return":[150],"loss":[151],"bandwidths":[152],"4.6-8.2":[154],"GHz":[155,162],"(i.e.,":[156,163],"FBW":[157,164],"56%)":[159],"3.1-6.5":[161],"71%).":[166],"Across":[167],"these":[168],"FBWs,":[169],"power":[171],"loss,":[172],"PI,":[173],"AI":[175],"were":[176],"measured":[177],"0.8-1.5":[179],"1-2.2":[182],"dB,":[183,218],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2~\\pm":[188],"~2^{\\circ":[189],"}$":[190,199],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$6.5~\\pm":[197],"~1^{\\circ":[198],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.35~\\pm":[206],"~0.35$":[207],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.45~\\pm":[215],"~0.45$":[216],"respectively.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
