{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403721802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989","title":"Dynamic Attack Detection in IoT Networks: An Ensemble Learning Approach With Q-Learning and Explainable AI","display_name":"Dynamic Attack Detection in IoT Networks: An Ensemble Learning Approach With Q-Learning and Explainable AI","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403721802","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3485989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114391890","display_name":"Padmasri Turaka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Padmasri Turaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147","https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026312066","display_name":"Saroj Kumar Panigrahy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-3609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saroj Kumar Panigrahy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5285-3609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147","https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9366,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77458438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"161925","last_page":"161940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7808240652084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.597843587398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5913259387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5412051677703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4886939823627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18601098656654358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7808240652084351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.597843587398529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5913259387016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5412051677703857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4886939823627472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18601098656654358}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3485989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3db891d424274022b8d9de4002838538","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3db891d424274022b8d9de4002838538","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 161925-161940 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3485989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3485989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2170177451","https://openalex.org/W2327058738","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2981880399","https://openalex.org/W2984932593","https://openalex.org/W3001683812","https://openalex.org/W3005504280","https://openalex.org/W3005805195","https://openalex.org/W3006503311","https://openalex.org/W3017444214","https://openalex.org/W3034863102","https://openalex.org/W3047809460","https://openalex.org/W3048377462","https://openalex.org/W3082865979","https://openalex.org/W3083200476","https://openalex.org/W3087100893","https://openalex.org/W3092448674","https://openalex.org/W3093931417","https://openalex.org/W3102893897","https://openalex.org/W3112006757","https://openalex.org/W3113154577","https://openalex.org/W3118241656","https://openalex.org/W3119101352","https://openalex.org/W3125993293","https://openalex.org/W3127423483","https://openalex.org/W3129443555","https://openalex.org/W3137750955","https://openalex.org/W3156826814","https://openalex.org/W3157156764","https://openalex.org/W3162584529","https://openalex.org/W3163301462","https://openalex.org/W3163315201","https://openalex.org/W3183649736","https://openalex.org/W3192184909","https://openalex.org/W3194483802","https://openalex.org/W3197115256","https://openalex.org/W3197150995","https://openalex.org/W3201617817","https://openalex.org/W3203971627","https://openalex.org/W3214029542","https://openalex.org/W4205625641","https://openalex.org/W4205799444","https://openalex.org/W4206672858","https://openalex.org/W4226058218","https://openalex.org/W4226153706","https://openalex.org/W4226482919","https://openalex.org/W4237604624","https://openalex.org/W4292261289","https://openalex.org/W4293731341","https://openalex.org/W4295788744","https://openalex.org/W4296501357","https://openalex.org/W4310699669","https://openalex.org/W4312384107","https://openalex.org/W4312401446","https://openalex.org/W4312648203","https://openalex.org/W4313036808","https://openalex.org/W4313378981","https://openalex.org/W4323362877","https://openalex.org/W4388905985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,65,88,99,133,210],"the":[2,52,83,93,135,190,212,221,255,274],"exponential":[3],"increase":[4],"in":[5,220,242,245],"work-from-home":[6],"adoption,":[7],"Internet":[8],"of":[9,16,54,60,85,160,192,223,235],"Things":[10],"(IoT)":[11],"networks":[12],"are":[13,63,109,151,186],"under":[14,67],"threat":[15],"constant":[17],"attacks":[18,46,87],"from":[19,183],"internal":[20],"and":[21,120,138,175,215,237,268],"external":[22],"adversaries.":[23],"Thus,":[24],"intrusion":[25],"detection":[26,53,80],"(ID)":[27],"has":[28],"become":[29],"a":[30,193,233],"vital":[31],"component":[32],"while":[33,272],"designing":[34],"interconnected":[35],"networks.":[36],"Existing":[37],"ID":[38],"Models":[39],"for":[40,51,82,104],"IoT":[41],"either":[42],"work":[43,72],"on":[44],"static":[45],"or":[47],"incorporate":[48],"high-complexity":[49],"models":[50,62],"dynamic":[55,196,225,250],"network":[56,97],"attacks.":[57,226,251],"Moreover,":[58],"most":[59],"these":[61,90,184],"unable":[64],"scale":[66],"hybrid":[68,224],"attack":[69,79,155,197,246,260,282],"scenarios.":[70],"The":[71,148,180,227],"suggests":[73],"creating":[74],"an":[75,158],"effective":[76],"Ensemble":[77],"Learning-based":[78],"System":[81],"classification":[84,222,261],"Dynamic":[86],"address":[89],"problems.":[91],"Initially,":[92],"suggested":[94,256],"methodology":[95],"uses":[96],"logs":[98],"gather":[100],"several":[101],"data":[102],"samples":[103,108],"various":[105],"breaches.":[106],"These":[107,252],"represented":[110],"as":[111],"multidomain":[112],"feature":[113,213],"sets":[114,143],"including":[115],"Gabor,":[116],"entropy,":[117],"wavelet,":[118],"frequency,":[119],"correlation":[121],"components":[122,137],"among":[123],"other":[124],"components.":[125],"A":[126],"moth":[127],"flame":[128],"optimizer":[129],"(MFO)":[130],"is":[131,230],"used":[132],"choose":[134],"extracted":[136],"helps":[139],"identify":[140],"Feature":[141],"variance":[142],"with":[144,280],"high":[145],"interclass":[146],"variances.":[147],"selected":[149],"features":[150],"categorized":[152],"into":[153],"different":[154],"classes":[156],"via":[157,189,205],"ensemble":[159],"k":[161],"nearest":[162],"neighbors":[163],"(kNN),":[164],"support":[165],"vector":[166],"machine":[167],"(SVM),":[168],"logistic":[169],"regression":[170],"(LR),":[171],"Na\u00efve":[172],"Bayes":[173],"(NB),":[174],"multilayer":[176],"perceptron":[177],"(MLP)":[178],"algorithms.":[179],"results":[181],"obtained":[182],"classifiers":[185],"further":[187],"tuned":[188],"use":[191],"Q-Learning":[194],"based":[195],"identification":[198],"process.":[199],"This":[200],"process":[201],"identifies":[202],"micro-attack":[203],"signatures":[204],"explainable":[206],"artificial":[207],"intelligence":[208],"(XAI)":[209],"re-train":[211],"extraction":[214],"selection":[216],"layer,":[217],"thereby":[218],"assisting":[219],"XAI":[228],"layer":[229],"built":[231],"using":[232],"combination":[234],"XceptionNet":[236],"Transfer":[238],"learning,":[239],"which":[240],"assists":[241],"continuous":[243],"enhancements":[244],"mitigation":[247],"even":[248],"during":[249],"procedures":[253],"allow":[254],"model":[257],"can":[258],"improve":[259],"accuracy":[262],"by":[263,266,270,276],"8.5%,":[264],"precision":[265],"4.9%,":[267],"recall":[269],"6.4%,":[271],"reducing":[273],"complexity":[275],"5.9%":[277],"when":[278],"compared":[279],"existing":[281],"categorization":[283],"techniques.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}