{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403534132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224","title":"Optimizing Question Answering Systems in Education: Addressing Domain-Specific Challenges","display_name":"Optimizing Question Answering Systems in Education: Addressing Domain-Specific Challenges","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403534132","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101722667","display_name":"B. P. Swathi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. P. Swathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6708-6385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033106477","display_name":"M. Geetha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Geetha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6150-7601","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Girija Attigeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-5781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Girija Attigeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-5781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. V. Suhas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-7157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. V. Suhas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5337-7157","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114319767","display_name":"Srinithya Halaharvi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srinithya Halaharvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information & Communication Technology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101722667"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6032,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91189981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"156572","last_page":"156587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9598000049591064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7025551795959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.6623941659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.49256473779678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35237282514572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.3295537829399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.32471412420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09528359770774841}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7025551795959473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.6623941659927368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.49256473779678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35237282514572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3295537829399109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.32471412420272827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09528359770774841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a905c3e09b24c90b0dfa74541ad3b86","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a905c3e09b24c90b0dfa74541ad3b86","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 156572-156587 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483224","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483224","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3590553","https://openalex.org/W1576365396","https://openalex.org/W1801866228","https://openalex.org/W1982520400","https://openalex.org/W2046576694","https://openalex.org/W2065715877","https://openalex.org/W2076228604","https://openalex.org/W2183366530","https://openalex.org/W2260667602","https://openalex.org/W2460941847","https://openalex.org/W2513762468","https://openalex.org/W2532938041","https://openalex.org/W2605089588","https://openalex.org/W2610483674","https://openalex.org/W2759200442","https://openalex.org/W2759281352","https://openalex.org/W2763282974","https://openalex.org/W2765311216","https://openalex.org/W2767753481","https://openalex.org/W2786989529","https://openalex.org/W2886993012","https://openalex.org/W2892358926","https://openalex.org/W2897096520","https://openalex.org/W2898654169","https://openalex.org/W2906341468","https://openalex.org/W2911149996","https://openalex.org/W2938472842","https://openalex.org/W2945601872","https://openalex.org/W2949021450","https://openalex.org/W2962745909","https://openalex.org/W2963682631","https://openalex.org/W2963738886","https://openalex.org/W2980014772","https://openalex.org/W2992007572","https://openalex.org/W3004010991","https://openalex.org/W3017131514","https://openalex.org/W3020097340","https://openalex.org/W3029624308","https://openalex.org/W3118511871","https://openalex.org/W3120915586","https://openalex.org/W3154297739","https://openalex.org/W3175875201","https://openalex.org/W3195937577","https://openalex.org/W4200541324","https://openalex.org/W4284892020","https://openalex.org/W4285217998","https://openalex.org/W4297509730","https://openalex.org/W4304184505","https://openalex.org/W4312794134","https://openalex.org/W4365800507","https://openalex.org/W4390658770","https://openalex.org/W4391953419","https://openalex.org/W4392132271","https://openalex.org/W6712349326","https://openalex.org/W6717114878","https://openalex.org/W6744322968","https://openalex.org/W6758921069","https://openalex.org/W6787398034","https://openalex.org/W6852447524","https://openalex.org/W6860254237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384605597","https://openalex.org/W2387743295","https://openalex.org/W3082787378","https://openalex.org/W2136007095","https://openalex.org/W2366230879","https://openalex.org/W3208425359","https://openalex.org/W2349927912","https://openalex.org/W3159777597","https://openalex.org/W4212839359","https://openalex.org/W2115758952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Question":[0],"Answering":[1],"(QA)":[2],"systems":[3,27,165],"are":[4],"increasingly":[5],"essential":[6],"in":[7,166],"educational":[8,167],"institutions,":[9],"enhancing":[10,170],"both":[11],"learning":[12,90],"and":[13,19,33,37,69,78,96,161,173],"administrative":[14],"processes":[15],"by":[16,76,117],"providing":[17],"quick":[18],"accurate":[20],"answers":[21],"to":[22,35],"user":[23,171],"queries.":[24],"However,":[25],"existing":[26],"often":[28],"struggle":[29],"with":[30,43,125],"accurately":[31],"classifying":[32],"responding":[34],"diverse":[36],"context-dependent":[38],"questions,":[39],"especially":[40],"when":[41],"dealing":[42],"large":[44],"knowledge":[45,63],"graphs.":[46],"Predicting":[47],"the":[48,57,66,85,102,107,110,159],"domain":[49,80],"of":[50,87,114,140,163],"a":[51,61,154],"question":[52],"can":[53],"significantly":[54],"narrow":[55],"down":[56],"search":[58],"space":[59],"within":[60],"vast":[62],"graph,":[64],"improving":[65,158],"system\u2019s":[67],"efficiency":[68],"accuracy.":[70],"This":[71,147],"study":[72],"addresses":[73],"this":[74],"gap":[75],"developing":[77],"evaluating":[79],"prediction":[81],"models.":[82],"We":[83],"compare":[84],"performance":[86,127],"various":[88],"deep":[89],"architectures,":[91],"including":[92],"Bi-GRU,":[93],"Bi-LSTM,":[94],"GRU,":[95],"LSTM.":[97],"Our":[98],"results":[99],"demonstrate":[100],"that":[101,122],"1-layer":[103],"Bi-GRU":[104],"model":[105],"outperforms":[106],"others,":[108],"achieving":[109,137],"highest":[111,126],"test":[112],"accuracy":[113,139,160],"82.13%.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"employing":[118],"an":[119,138],"ensemble":[120],"technique":[121],"combines":[123],"models":[124],"measures":[128],"from":[129],"each":[130],"architecture,":[131],"we":[132],"further":[133],"enhance":[134],"overall":[135],"performance,":[136],"87.14%,":[141],"which":[142],"demonstrates":[143],"improved":[144],"predictive":[145],"capability.":[146],"work":[148],"is":[149],"significant":[150],"as":[151],"it":[152],"provides":[153],"robust":[155],"solution":[156],"for":[157],"relevance":[162],"QA":[164],"settings,":[168],"thereby":[169],"satisfaction":[172],"operational":[174],"efficiency.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}