{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403534204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178","title":"A Signal Theory of Instantaneous and Average Power","display_name":"A Signal Theory of Instantaneous and Average Power","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403534204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010280240","display_name":"Dongliang Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-2481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12834331","display_name":"University of Wyoming","ror":"https://ror.org/01485tq96","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1015-2481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12834331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080469112","display_name":"Louis L. Scharf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1764-9335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92446798","display_name":"Colorado State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k1gpj17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis L. Scharf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","Department of Mathematics and the Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and the Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92446798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59054611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"153618","last_page":"153627"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.5473999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12899","display_name":"Engineering and Technology Innovations","score":0.16380000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5578064918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.49448394775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.47768718004226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.41526469588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20793914794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1556379795074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.0924111008644104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5578064918518066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49448394775390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.47768718004226685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.41526469588279724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20793914794921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1556379795074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0924111008644104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b7fdc7dfe3cd403cad21421a7e00e889","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b7fdc7dfe3cd403cad21421a7e00e889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 153618-153627 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3483178","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3483178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490760000","https://openalex.org/W2013063410","https://openalex.org/W2023773778","https://openalex.org/W2029056627","https://openalex.org/W2053773625","https://openalex.org/W2064549374","https://openalex.org/W2084181932","https://openalex.org/W2108614447","https://openalex.org/W2109156897","https://openalex.org/W2117323612","https://openalex.org/W2123996396","https://openalex.org/W2167863042","https://openalex.org/W2300813643","https://openalex.org/W3014459824","https://openalex.org/W4211251910","https://openalex.org/W4232871943","https://openalex.org/W4242467265","https://openalex.org/W4403636261","https://openalex.org/W6637629029"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper":[2],"the":[3,22,49,103,184,187,225],"standard":[4],"formulas":[5],"for":[6,28,102,119,224],"instantaneous":[7,46,108,115,167,215],"and":[8,25,35,55,68,84,87,90,93,129,139,153,175,201],"average":[9,147,157],"power":[10,47,54,60,67,70,109,116,133,148,168,180,219],"in":[11,110],"sinusoidal":[12],"systems":[13,18],"are":[14,205],"generalized":[15],"to":[16,21],"non-sinusoidal":[17,33,111],"by":[19],"appealing":[20],"Hilbert":[23],"Transform":[24],"Bedrosian\u2019s":[26],"Theorem":[27],"a":[29,41,62,72,120,123,192,208],"general":[30],"class":[31],"of":[32,44,51,65,75,96,105,107,132,146,156,166,195,210,212,227],"currents":[34],"voltages.":[36],"It":[37],"is":[38,48,61,71,100,117,181],"shown":[39],"that":[40],"complex":[42,52,56,63,73,80,179,185],"representation":[43,64,74,145],"real":[45,89,114,138,213,228],"sum":[50],"Hermitian":[53,59,178,218],"non-Hermitian":[57,69],"power.":[58,77,97,158,197,216,230],"baseband":[66,83,196,229],"passband":[76],"These":[78],"two":[79],"powers":[81],"determine":[82],"passband,":[85],"active":[86,128],"non-active,":[88],"reactive,":[91],"positive":[92],"negative":[94],"components":[95,131,155,165],"A":[98,159,198],"formula":[99],"derived":[101],"frequency":[104],"variation":[106],"cases.":[112],"When":[113,177],"defined":[118],"circuit":[121,141],"with":[122,137],"single":[124],"time-varying":[125],"equivalent":[126],"impedance,":[127],"non-active":[130],"may":[134,169,220],"be":[135,170,221],"associated":[136],"reactive":[140],"components.":[142],"The":[143],"spectral":[144],"decomposes":[149],"into":[150],"readily":[151],"identifiable":[152],"interpretable":[154],"simple":[160],"block":[161],"diagram":[162],"shows":[163],"how":[164],"extracted":[171],"from":[172],"metered":[173],"voltage":[174],"current.":[176],"plotted":[182],"on":[183],"plane,":[186],"resulting":[188],"Lissajous-like":[189,199],"figure":[190,200],"provides":[191],"visual":[193],"display":[194],"its":[202],"path":[203],"length":[204],"proposed":[206],"as":[207],"measure":[209],"nonstationarity":[211],"valued":[214],"Complex":[217],"spectrum":[222,226],"analyzed":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
