{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403295561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420","title":"Retinal Health Screening Using Artificial Intelligence With Digital Fundus Images: A Review of the Last Decade (2012\u20132023)","display_name":"Retinal Health Screening Using Artificial Intelligence With Digital Fundus Images: A Review of the Last Decade (2012\u20132023)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403295561","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3477420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101492610","display_name":"Saad Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2910-2380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065141057","display_name":"Ravinesh C. Deo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravinesh C. Deo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016221020","display_name":"Prabal Datta Barua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-8333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabal Datta Barua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109657516","display_name":"Jeffrey Soar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey Soar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Queensland, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064032702","display_name":"Ping Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7910-9396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074179735","display_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-8552"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"U. Rajendra Acharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Physics and Computing, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101492610"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4454,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92997669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"176630","last_page":"176685"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.7069690227508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6525930166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5283192992210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5114087462425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3800044059753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optometry","display_name":"Optometry","score":0.3399951756000519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.3380858898162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.17074227333068848}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.7069690227508545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6525930166244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5283192992210388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5114087462425232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3800044059753418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119767625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618211","display_name":"Optometry","level":1,"score":0.3399951756000519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.3380858898162842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.17074227333068848}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3477420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:02cd6a2f67ef45ce86861c3dc42bc107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/02cd6a2f67ef45ce86861c3dc42bc107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 176630-176685 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3477420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3477420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3311126350","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UniSQ Postgraduate Research Scholarship 2022 - 202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320985","funder_display_name":"University of Southern Queensland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320985","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":392,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185224","https://openalex.org/W162549148","https://openalex.org/W197220479","https://openalex.org/W1091878006","https://openalex.org/W1458919156","https://openalex.org/W1481466502","https://openalex.org/W1585932041","https://openalex.org/W1677182931","https://openalex.org/W1828376016","https://openalex.org/W1856328802","https://openalex.org/W1872507226","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1901361661","https://openalex.org/W1917574908","https://openalex.org/W1921244095","https://openalex.org/W1969496006","https://openalex.org/W1972027273","https://openalex.org/W1977793107","https://openalex.org/W1982168774","https://openalex.org/W1982882472","https://openalex.org/W1982890488","https://openalex.org/W1986139367","https://openalex.org/W1989786678","https://openalex.org/W1991669891","https://openalex.org/W1991678930","https://openalex.org/W1995762017","https://openalex.org/W1996151979","https://openalex.org/W1999354443","https://openalex.org/W2001080026","https://openalex.org/W2002276422","https://openalex.org/W2010965043","https://openalex.org/W2013754472","https://openalex.org/W2022710429","https://openalex.org/W2026427067","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2034742711","https://openalex.org/W2034786340","https://openalex.org/W2035052246","https://openalex.org/W2038137113","https://openalex.org/W2040904686","https://openalex.org/W2049822456","https://openalex.org/W2050788201","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2055707729","https://openalex.org/W2060452408","https://openalex.org/W2061997187","https://openalex.org/W2065385897","https://openalex.org/W2071084476","https://openalex.org/W2074883517","https://openalex.org/W2081178133","https://openalex.org/W2088422930","https://openalex.org/W2089969656","https://openalex.org/W2092300159","https://openalex.org/W2092638574","https://openalex.org/W2099282806","https://openalex.org/W2099509743","https://openalex.org/W2100756624","https://openalex.org/W2105839704","https://openalex.org/W2105923875","https://openalex.org/W2112783556","https://openalex.org/W2113119033","https://openalex.org/W2114063873","https://openalex.org/W2117089674","https://openalex.org/W2120389036","https://openalex.org/W2121703462","https://openalex.org/W2123215356","https://openalex.org/W2124459495","https://openalex.org/W2125467935","https://openalex.org/W2129098176","https://openalex.org/W2133612569","https://openalex.org/W2134363734","https://openalex.org/W2136493825","https://openalex.org/W2142866653","https://openalex.org/W2144810021","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2152990105","https://openalex.org/W2156028354","https://openalex.org/W2157984366","https://openalex.org/W2159764117","https://openalex.org/W2162698990","https://openalex.org/W2165828254","https://openalex.org/W2166175175","https://openalex.org/W2169164902","https://openalex.org/W2170220958","https://openalex.org/W2171553260","https://openalex.org/W2187731819","https://openalex.org/W2206167351","https://openalex.org/W2221954506","https://openalex.org/W2241968940","https://openalex.org/W2243983247","https://openalex.org/W2293295816","https://openalex.org/W2294729137","https://openalex.org/W2296755154","https://openalex.org/W2320230300","https://openalex.org/W2327793514","https://openalex.org/W2330025265","https://openalex.org/W2339614848","https://openalex.org/W2344912502","https://openalex.org/W2345010043","https://openalex.org/W2398347515","https://openalex.org/W2411244326","https://openalex.org/W2418802570","https://openalex.org/W2426274714","https://openalex.org/W2433157206","https://openalex.org/W2442349545","https://openalex.org/W2484189903","https://openalex.org/W2488605601","https://openalex.org/W2502390809","https://openalex.org/W2512148493","https://openalex.org/W2512450393","https://openalex.org/W2513367050","https://openalex.org/W2518720609","https://openalex.org/W2527341761","https://openalex.org/W2529153069","https://openalex.org/W2538462707","https://openalex.org/W2538830880","https://openalex.org/W2540631188","https://openalex.org/W2545404630","https://openalex.org/W2557738935","https://openalex.org/W2571752203","https://openalex.org/W2575748305","https://openalex.org/W2580835947","https://openalex.org/W2581082771","https://openalex.org/W2581333618","https://openalex.org/W2584125240","https://openalex.org/W2587499148","https://openalex.org/W2589074029","https://openalex.org/W2590573735","https://openalex.org/W2592433175","https://openalex.org/W2595212727","https://openalex.org/W2597576211","https://openalex.org/W2598442119","https://openalex.org/W2598680349","https://openalex.org/W2607394097","https://openalex.org/W2609614697","https://openalex.org/W2610981713","https://openalex.org/W2617669016","https://openalex.org/W2622875757","https://openalex.org/W2673612352","https://openalex.org/W2714469855","https://openalex.org/W2729531726","https://openalex.org/W2739256314","https://openalex.org/W2749049648","https://openalex.org/W2750420675","https://openalex.org/W2758333670","https://openalex.org/W2766761753","https://openalex.org/W2767040741","https://openalex.org/W2767635412","https://openalex.org/W2771079972","https://openalex.org/W2771770870","https://openalex.org/W2773090966","https://openalex.org/W2777662504","https://openalex.org/W2782536477","https://openalex.org/W2783604982","https://openalex.org/W2788403465","https://openalex.org/W2788633781","https://openalex.org/W2791117644","https://openalex.org/W2791415757","https://openalex.org/W2792026451","https://openalex.org/W2793250559","https://openalex.org/W2794329395","https://openalex.org/W2795078241","https://openalex.org/W2796809202","https://openalex.org/W2799401529","https://openalex.org/W2801475611","https://openalex.org/W2802338305","https://openalex.org/W2805996631","https://openalex.org/W2806796234","https://openalex.org/W2809144587","https://openalex.org/W2811168887","https://openalex.org/W2828862258","https://openalex.org/W2886438696","https://openalex.org/W2886529811","https://openalex.org/W2887465456","https://openalex.org/W2888069944","https://openalex.org/W2889890481","https://openalex.org/W2890192683","https://openalex.org/W2890602145","https://openalex.org/W2892133319","https://openalex.org/W2895333097","https://openalex.org/W2899156985","https://openalex.org/W2899190255","https://openalex.org/W2900369533","https://openalex.org/W2902329146","https://openalex.org/W2902366411","https://openalex.org/W2906424845","https://openalex.org/W2911025038","https://openalex.org/W2911558038","https://openalex.org/W2912072952","https://openalex.org/W2912650418","https://openalex.org/W2915496375","https://openalex.org/W2920957526","https://openalex.org/W2921406441","https://openalex.org/W2922524275","https://openalex.org/W2923997689","https://openalex.org/W2938600289","https://openalex.org/W2939250925","https://openalex.org/W2941942490","https://openalex.org/W2942760134","https://openalex.org/W2944890315","https://openalex.org/W2945322186","https://openalex.org/W2946039882","https://openalex.org/W2946394784","https://openalex.org/W2947962305","https://openalex.org/W2948525168","https://openalex.org/W2952436003","https://openalex.org/W2952722001","https://openalex.org/W2955571529","https://openalex.org/W2960170118","https://openalex.org/W2962812574","https://openalex.org/W2963142663","https://openalex.org/W2963292306","https://openalex.org/W2963298074","https://openalex.org/W2964291324","https://openalex.org/W2966042060","https://openalex.org/W2969678086","https://openalex.org/W2974772963","https://openalex.org/W2978135519","https://openalex.org/W2979448322","https://openalex.org/W2979927758","https://openalex.org/W2980339558","https://openalex.org/W2980444207","https://openalex.org/W2986274801","https://openalex.org/W2987246444","https://openalex.org/W2988408559","https://openalex.org/W2990019725","https://openalex.org/W2991564428","https://openalex.org/W2996993160","https://openalex.org/W2999123635","https://openalex.org/W2999301272","https://openalex.org/W3000402174","https://openalex.org/W3005603031","https://openalex.org/W3006026428","https://openalex.org/W3006780466","https://openalex.org/W3009103237","https://openalex.org/W3009861426","https://openalex.org/W3011552776","https://openalex.org/W3012037038","https://openalex.org/W3015420973","https://openalex.org/W3025177399","https://openalex.org/W3026291462","https://openalex.org/W3031997074","https://openalex.org/W3033079105","https://openalex.org/W3033442124","https://openalex.org/W3035941285","https://openalex.org/W3036458852","https://openalex.org/W3036597192","https://openalex.org/W3036827192","https://openalex.org/W3037009403","https://openalex.org/W3041453914","https://openalex.org/W3043630524","https://openalex.org/W3044980160","https://openalex.org/W3046325364","https://openalex.org/W3047897297","https://openalex.org/W3082967565","https://openalex.org/W3084515829","https://openalex.org/W3089833580","https://openalex.org/W3091199344","https://openalex.org/W3091560139","https://openalex.org/W3091843013","https://openalex.org/W3092134527","https://openalex.org/W3092545821","https://openalex.org/W3093396211","https://openalex.org/W3094434608","https://openalex.org/W3097814989","https://openalex.org/W3099733385","https://openalex.org/W3112251966","https://openalex.org/W3115197326","https://openalex.org/W3115325129","https://openalex.org/W3118438407","https://openalex.org/W3118538778","https://openalex.org/W3126755857","https://openalex.org/W3129005747","https://openalex.org/W3157563419","https://openalex.org/W3159197599","https://openalex.org/W3159689373","https://openalex.org/W3164230720","https://openalex.org/W3164528657","https://openalex.org/W3164638646","https://openalex.org/W3165183789","https://openalex.org/W3167044851","https://openalex.org/W3167543578","https://openalex.org/W3171052542","https://openalex.org/W3180176682","https://openalex.org/W3184038019","https://openalex.org/W3194601515","https://openalex.org/W3194859544","https://openalex.org/W3196257615","https://openalex.org/W3202794642","https://openalex.org/W3205018926","https://openalex.org/W3210510019","https://openalex.org/W3210897713","https://openalex.org/W3216035653","https://openalex.org/W4200152858","https://openalex.org/W4200316488","https://openalex.org/W4206485229","https://openalex.org/W4206598487","https://openalex.org/W4213276044","https://openalex.org/W4213313560","https://openalex.org/W4214526578","https://openalex.org/W4214707860","https://openalex.org/W4224023954","https://openalex.org/W4224669750","https://openalex.org/W4225295159","https://openalex.org/W4225302259","https://openalex.org/W4232415772","https://openalex.org/W4235997347","https://openalex.org/W4244017022","https://openalex.org/W4244690925","https://openalex.org/W4280548974","https://openalex.org/W4280631170","https://openalex.org/W4281745953","https://openalex.org/W4282928658","https://openalex.org/W4283376326","https://openalex.org/W4289519099","https://openalex.org/W4292162382","https://openalex.org/W4292548727","https://openalex.org/W4293064641","https://openalex.org/W4295923886","https://openalex.org/W4296990088","https://openalex.org/W4297850674","https://openalex.org/W4308279659","https://openalex.org/W4308322215","https://openalex.org/W4309019371","https://openalex.org/W4311778811","https://openalex.org/W4312610639","https://openalex.org/W4313524270","https://openalex.org/W4313582815","https://openalex.org/W4315977407","https://openalex.org/W4317938178","https://openalex.org/W4318219815","https://openalex.org/W4327972770","https://openalex.org/W4352976801","https://openalex.org/W4362586538","https://openalex.org/W4362657493","https://openalex.org/W4366281042","https://openalex.org/W4377234705","https://openalex.org/W4378189098","https://openalex.org/W4378982395","https://openalex.org/W4380576865","https://openalex.org/W4382456498","https://openalex.org/W4383198144","https://openalex.org/W4386385472","https://openalex.org/W4386526937","https://openalex.org/W4386776068","https://openalex.org/W4387324741","https://openalex.org/W4387866126","https://openalex.org/W4387881539","https://openalex.org/W4388188180","https://openalex.org/W4388263655","https://openalex.org/W4388569054","https://openalex.org/W4388572342","https://openalex.org/W4388889410","https://openalex.org/W4389058722","https://openalex.org/W4389372799","https://openalex.org/W4390956327","https://openalex.org/W4391303302","https://openalex.org/W4391341367","https://openalex.org/W4391690451","https://openalex.org/W4391831282","https://openalex.org/W4392406184","https://openalex.org/W4392479005","https://openalex.org/W4392916549","https://openalex.org/W4394809920","https://openalex.org/W4395117704","https://openalex.org/W4395477921","https://openalex.org/W4396222004","https://openalex.org/W4402626914","https://openalex.org/W6602465505","https://openalex.org/W6605661606","https://openalex.org/W6606770091","https://openalex.org/W6632185462","https://openalex.org/W6637570712","https://openalex.org/W6637709390","https://openalex.org/W6686387224","https://openalex.org/W6688796872","https://openalex.org/W6735884959","https://openalex.org/W6751204973","https://openalex.org/W6753639838","https://openalex.org/W6758977204","https://openalex.org/W6759574604","https://openalex.org/W6759718652","https://openalex.org/W6769004243","https://openalex.org/W6774131382","https://openalex.org/W6781851991","https://openalex.org/W6802240028","https://openalex.org/W6848335571","https://openalex.org/W6858054969","https://openalex.org/W6998897733","https://openalex.org/W7062868833","https://openalex.org/W7075605414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374520121","https://openalex.org/W4387265590","https://openalex.org/W2394034517","https://openalex.org/W1995904975","https://openalex.org/W2364945429","https://openalex.org/W4388037085","https://openalex.org/W3032712071","https://openalex.org/W4389019322","https://openalex.org/W3044879582","https://openalex.org/W806426592"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Prolonged":[0],"diabetic":[1],"retinopathy":[2],"(DR),":[3],"glaucoma,":[4,93],"and":[5,18,47,79,88,97,114,125,136,156,174],"age-related":[6],"macular":[7],"degeneration":[8],"(AMD)":[9],"may":[10],"lead":[11],"to":[12,22,34,43,58,104],"vision":[13,25],"loss.":[14,26],"Hence,":[15,49],"early":[16],"detection":[17,72],"treatment":[19],"are":[20],"crucial":[21],"prevent":[23],"irreversible":[24],"Fundus":[27],"retinal":[28,70],"images":[29],"have":[30,54,166],"been":[31,55],"widely":[32,56,132],"used":[33,133],"help":[35],"detect":[36],"these":[37,60],"diseases.":[38,183],"Manual":[39],"screening":[40],"is":[41,147],"susceptible":[42],"human":[44],"errors,":[45],"tedious,":[46],"expensive.":[48],"artificial":[50],"intelligence":[51],"(AI)":[52],"techniques":[53,160],"employed":[57],"overcome":[59],"constraints.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"reviewed":[64,85],"the":[65,141,148,162,168,171],"work":[66],"published":[67],"on":[68,92,95,99],"automated":[69],"health":[71],"models":[73,130],"using":[74,107,158],"various":[75],"machine":[76],"learning":[77,81],"(ML)":[78],"deep":[80],"(DL)":[82],"techniques.":[83],"We":[84,118,165],"142":[86],"papers":[87],"262":[89],"studies":[90],"(124":[91],"60":[94],"AMD,":[96,154],"78":[98],"DR)":[100],"from":[101],"January":[102],"2012":[103],"June":[105],"2024":[106],"Preferred":[108],"Reporting":[109],"Items":[110],"for":[111,152,179],"Systematic":[112],"Reviews":[113],"Meta-Analyses":[115],"(PRISMA)":[116],"guidelines.":[117],"found":[119],"that":[120],"Convolutional":[121],"Neural":[122],"Networks":[123],"(CNN)":[124],"Support":[126],"Vector":[127],"Machines":[128],"(SVM)":[129],"were":[131],"in":[134],"DL":[135],"ML":[137],"techniques,":[138],"respectively.":[139],"To":[140],"best":[142],"of":[143,170],"our":[144],"knowledge,":[145],"this":[146],"first":[149],"review":[150],"developed":[151],"detecting":[153,181],"DR,":[155],"glaucoma":[157],"AI":[159],"over":[161],"last":[163],"decade.":[164],"discussed":[167],"limitations":[169],"present":[172],"methods":[173],"also":[175],"suggested":[176],"future":[177],"directions":[178],"accurately":[180],"eye":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}