{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403276801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432","title":"A Hybrid Transformer-Based Model for Optimizing Fake News Detection","display_name":"A Hybrid Transformer-Based Model for Optimizing Fake News Detection","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403276801","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3476432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012915617","display_name":"Fatima Al\u2010Quayed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-7975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fatima Al-Quayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4796-7975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061272401","display_name":"Danish Javed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6796-5857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danish Javed","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","School of Computer Science, SCS, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, SCS, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029582839","display_name":"N. Z. Jhanjhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-4733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Z Jhanjhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","School of Computer Science, SCS, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8116-4733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, SCS, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027472030","display_name":"Mamoona Humayun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-2257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I877107187","display_name":"University of Roehampton","ror":"https://ror.org/043071f54","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoona Humayun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K","Department of computing, School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-2257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of computing, School of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I877107187"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003381636","display_name":"Thanaa S. Alnusairi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanaa S. Alnusairi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012915617"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":19.7096,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99327225,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"160822","last_page":"160834"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6818459033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.580969512462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09916803240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.0864444375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07243368029594421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6818459033966064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.580969512462616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09916803240776062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0864444375038147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07243368029594421}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3476432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2c0f23d0a6894a379f54099af30a5ec4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2c0f23d0a6894a379f54099af30a5ec4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 160822-160834 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3476432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3476432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2585043059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGSSR-2024-02-02186","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324554","funder_display_name":"Al Jouf University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324554","display_name":"Al Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2604264634","https://openalex.org/W2742330194","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897757923","https://openalex.org/W2909693640","https://openalex.org/W2911715381","https://openalex.org/W2924988155","https://openalex.org/W2925285378","https://openalex.org/W2955681503","https://openalex.org/W2973946059","https://openalex.org/W2977526300","https://openalex.org/W2979776054","https://openalex.org/W3001895040","https://openalex.org/W3002801259","https://openalex.org/W3012133245","https://openalex.org/W3017206076","https://openalex.org/W3024601799","https://openalex.org/W3027756743","https://openalex.org/W3041500383","https://openalex.org/W3041860561","https://openalex.org/W3089856315","https://openalex.org/W3116641301","https://openalex.org/W3119467012","https://openalex.org/W3119962516","https://openalex.org/W3123526428","https://openalex.org/W3137820162","https://openalex.org/W3138953784","https://openalex.org/W3148001275","https://openalex.org/W3153854677","https://openalex.org/W3154941836","https://openalex.org/W3156340054","https://openalex.org/W3164782458","https://openalex.org/W3191047246","https://openalex.org/W4220828487","https://openalex.org/W4285743492","https://openalex.org/W4297922463","https://openalex.org/W4308262966","https://openalex.org/W4312331424","https://openalex.org/W4366152648","https://openalex.org/W4378072572","https://openalex.org/W4379746168","https://openalex.org/W4387272168","https://openalex.org/W4392450795","https://openalex.org/W4402635878","https://openalex.org/W6778339779","https://openalex.org/W6782942541","https://openalex.org/W6885036550","https://openalex.org/W7077385901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W4402327032","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fake":[0],"news,":[1,7,134],"colloquially":[2],"referred":[3],"to":[4,77,85,116,128,164,228],"as":[5,248],"false":[6,33,133],"exerts":[8],"a":[9,23,111,125,136,147,155,170,174,234],"profound":[10],"influence":[11],"on":[12,74,138,221],"fundamental":[13],"facets":[14],"of":[15,32,42,54,99,103,120,132,232,255,261],"our":[16,152,249],"societal":[17],"framework.":[18],"Manual":[19],"fact":[20,47],"verification":[21,48],"is":[22,49,57,144],"frequently":[24,109],"utilized":[25,105],"strategy":[26],"for":[27,113],"mitigating":[28],"the":[29,39,52,67,96,107,118,130,159,185,200,222,230],"harmful":[30],"impacts":[31],"news":[34,140,191],"transmission.":[35],"However,":[36],"when":[37],"assessing":[38],"massive":[40],"volume":[41],"freshly":[43],"produced":[44],"material,":[45],"manual":[46],"insufficient.":[50],"Furthermore,":[51],"quantity":[53],"labeled":[55],"datasets":[56],"limited,":[58],"people":[59],"are":[60,64,83,161],"unreliable":[61],"annotators,":[62],"resources":[63],"largely":[65],"in":[66,106,146,246],"English":[68],"language,":[69],"and":[70,91,101,158,173,180,203,211,257],"they":[71],"mostly":[72],"concentrate":[73],"articles":[75],"related":[76],"news.":[78],"Cutting-edge":[79],"deep":[80,166,212,236],"learning":[81,167,210,213,237],"algorithms":[82],"employed":[84],"deal":[86],"with":[87,135,216,225,239],"this":[88],"challenge":[89],"automatically":[90],"address":[92,129],"these":[93],"difficulties.":[94],"Nevertheless,":[95],"large":[97],"number":[98],"models":[100,214],"variability":[102],"characteristics":[104],"literature":[108],"constitute":[110],"barrier":[112],"researchers":[114],"attempting":[115],"enhance":[117],"effectiveness":[119],"models.":[121,206],"This":[122],"paper":[123],"introduces":[124],"model":[126,150,153,202,251],"designed":[127],"issue":[131],"focus":[137],"analyzing":[139],"headlines.":[141],"The":[142,177,241],"approach":[143],"rooted":[145],"hybrid":[148],"classification":[149,205],"where":[151],"integrates":[154],"BERT":[156,218],"architecture,":[157],"outputs":[160],"seamlessly":[162],"linked":[163],"bi-directional":[165,235],"layers,":[168],"including":[169],"bi-LSTM":[171],"layer":[172,238],"bi-GRU":[175],"layer.":[176],"model\u2019s":[178],"training":[179],"evaluation":[181],"were":[182,219],"conducted":[183],"using":[184,199],"WELFake":[186],"dataset,":[187],"comprising":[188],"four":[189],"prevalent":[190],"databases.":[192],"A":[193],"comparative":[194],"analysis":[195],"was":[196],"carried":[197],"out":[198],"proposed":[201,250],"standard":[204,208],"Additionally,":[207],"machine":[209],"along":[215],"vanilla":[217],"trained":[220],"same":[223],"dataset":[224],"comparable":[226],"constraints":[227],"assess":[229],"impact":[231],"integrating":[233],"BERT.":[240],"results":[242],"revealed":[243],"an":[244,253,258],"improvement":[245],"accuracy,":[247],"achieved":[252],"accuracy":[254],"98.1%":[256],"F1":[259],"score":[260],"0.982.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-05-16T08:24:45.110214","created_date":"2024-10-10T00:00:00"}