{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403094283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693","title":"HgbNet: Predicting Hemoglobin Level/Anemia Degree From Irregular EHR","display_name":"HgbNet: Predicting Hemoglobin Level/Anemia Degree From Irregular EHR","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403094283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3473693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002332644","display_name":"Zhuo Zhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-1525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Zhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-1525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062166996","display_name":"Moe Elbadawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-5432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moe Elbadawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022864150","display_name":"Adam Daneshmend","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-9686"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153355300","display_name":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/056ffv270","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam Daneshmend","raw_affiliation_strings":["Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3440-9686","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153355300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074277071","display_name":"Mine Orlu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mine Orlu","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2047-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020162492","display_name":"Abdul W. Basit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5368-6603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144746","display_name":"The London College","ror":"https://ror.org/0546ajs61","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Basit","raw_affiliation_strings":["UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144746","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012493816","display_name":"Andreas Demosthenous","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-963X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Demosthenous","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-963X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044634366","display_name":"Miguel R. D. Rodrigues","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8908-847X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Rodrigues","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002332644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9762,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80416352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"144837","last_page":"144854"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5246999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13702","display_name":"Machine Learning in Healthcare","score":0.5246999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.46860000491142273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12647","display_name":"Traditional Chinese Medicine Studies","score":0.4668000042438507,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemoglobin","display_name":"Hemoglobin","score":0.6112659573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.6043941378593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43477508425712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.20345163345336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19920286536216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.058333784341812134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778917026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43041","display_name":"Hemoglobin","level":2,"score":0.6112659573554993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.6043941378593445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43477508425712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.20345163345336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19920286536216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.058333784341812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3473693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f95ccac07a04cdf867b9d7a4243c013","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f95ccac07a04cdf867b9d7a4243c013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 144837-144854 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10198329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10198329/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"   IEEE Access     p. 1.   (2024)     (In press).  ","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3473693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3473693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8834228055","display_name":"DTP 2020-2021 University College London","funder_award_id":"EP/T517793/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1919216911","https://openalex.org/W1976364950","https://openalex.org/W2064186732","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2077902399","https://openalex.org/W2106981782","https://openalex.org/W2396881363","https://openalex.org/W2625625371","https://openalex.org/W2739805805","https://openalex.org/W2742491462","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2891400669","https://openalex.org/W2943005888","https://openalex.org/W2964959375","https://openalex.org/W2990719156","https://openalex.org/W2997353686","https://openalex.org/W3023212902","https://openalex.org/W3032879708","https://openalex.org/W3033597970","https://openalex.org/W3080098168","https://openalex.org/W3080826732","https://openalex.org/W3098198535","https://openalex.org/W3104523752","https://openalex.org/W3157997512","https://openalex.org/W3171270948","https://openalex.org/W3214439486","https://openalex.org/W4206985727","https://openalex.org/W4223943285","https://openalex.org/W4226020799","https://openalex.org/W4226347958","https://openalex.org/W4229004636","https://openalex.org/W4292790927","https://openalex.org/W4296918581","https://openalex.org/W4307336322","https://openalex.org/W4308040373","https://openalex.org/W4312211828","https://openalex.org/W4320086238","https://openalex.org/W4382203166","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6718367848","https://openalex.org/W6754349710","https://openalex.org/W6767877913","https://openalex.org/W6778918719","https://openalex.org/W6840074922","https://openalex.org/W6850901817"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2399035783","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3161230432","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Predicting":[0],"a":[1,15,53,64,68],"patient\u2019s":[2],"hemoglobin":[3,143,210],"level":[4,144],"or":[5],"degree":[6,170,214],"of":[7,32,39,85,124,150,183,186,208,233,237],"anemia":[8,169,213,224],"using":[9,102],"Electronic":[10],"Health":[11],"Records":[12],"(EHRs)":[13],"is":[14],"non-invasive":[16,223],"and":[17,42,94,133,146,159,193,212],"rapid":[18],"approach.":[19],"However,":[20],"it":[21],"presents":[22],"challenges":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,57,71,88],"the":[26,80,99,112,181,184,206,231],"irregular":[27,43,59,187],"multivariate":[28],"time":[29,44,188],"series":[30],"nature":[31],"EHRs,":[33],"which":[34],"often":[35],"contain":[36],"significant":[37],"amounts":[38],"missing":[40,69,73],"values":[41],"intervals.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"these":[48],"issues,":[49],"we":[50,179],"introduce":[51],"HgbNet,":[52],"model":[54,81],"specifically":[55],"designed":[56],"process":[58],"EHR":[60,216],"data.":[61],"HgbNet":[62,110,219],"incorporates":[63],"NanDense":[65],"layer":[66],"with":[67],"indicator":[70],"handle":[72],"values.":[74],"Inspired":[75],"by":[76],"clinicians\u2019":[77],"decision-making":[78],"processes,":[79],"employs":[82],"three":[83],"kinds":[84],"attention":[86],"mechanisms":[87],"account":[89],"for":[90,142,168,235],"both":[91],"local":[92],"irregularity":[93],"global":[95],"irregularity.":[96],"We":[97],"evaluate":[98],"proposed":[100],"method":[101],"two":[103,107,176],"real-world":[104],"datasets":[105],"across":[106,116,175],"use":[108],"cases.":[109],"outperforms":[111],"best":[113],"baseline":[114],"results":[115],"all":[117],"test":[118],"scenarios,":[119],"achieving":[120],"an":[121,147,221],"R2":[122],"score":[123,149],"<inline-formula":[125,134,151,160],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126,135,152,161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[127,136,153,162],"<tex-math":[128,137,154,163],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.867~\\pm":[129],"$":[130,139,156,165],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[131,140,157,166],"0.003":[132,141],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.861~\\pm":[138],"prediction,":[145],"F1":[148],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.855~\\pm":[155],"0.005":[158,167],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.843~\\pm":[164],"prediction":[171,191],"under":[172],"usecase":[173,201],"1":[174],"datasets.":[177],"Additionally,":[178],"analyze":[180],"effect":[182],"length":[185],"intervals":[189,199],"on":[190],"performance":[192,196],"improve":[194],"HgbNet\u2019s":[195],"at":[197],"long":[198],"in":[200],"2.":[202],"These":[203],"findings":[204],"highlight":[205],"feasibility":[207],"estimating":[209],"levels":[211],"from":[215],"data,":[217],"positioning":[218],"as":[220],"effective":[222],"diagnosis":[225],"solution":[226],"that":[227],"could":[228],"potentially":[229],"enhance":[230],"quality":[232],"life":[234],"millions":[236],"affected":[238],"individuals":[239],"worldwide.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}