{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403059210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217","title":"Realization of Game Mechanics in Virtual Reality for Amblyopia Treatment","display_name":"Realization of Game Mechanics in Virtual Reality for Amblyopia Treatment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403059210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3472217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029361355","display_name":"Vishwas G. Kini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-6655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vishwas G. Kini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5933-6655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043505189","display_name":"Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-6035"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shonraj Ballae Ganeshrao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-6035","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Optometry, Manipal College of Health Professions, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014241881","display_name":"P. C. Siddalingaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-7591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. C. Siddalingaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7597-7591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029361355"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2317,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52199793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"145018","last_page":"145037"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.8155999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.8155999779701233,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.8138999938964844,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.7384029626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7023992538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6555836796760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4849126935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09054502844810486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.7384029626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7023992538452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6555836796760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4849126935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09054502844810486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3472217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4183dd67dcdd421fb4f3dfabd1dcb57a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4183dd67dcdd421fb4f3dfabd1dcb57a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 145018-145037 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3472217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3472217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W123846040","https://openalex.org/W1978937466","https://openalex.org/W1986211501","https://openalex.org/W1999202014","https://openalex.org/W2024648720","https://openalex.org/W2032245090","https://openalex.org/W2055945598","https://openalex.org/W2074885386","https://openalex.org/W2078999638","https://openalex.org/W2093336887","https://openalex.org/W2094173592","https://openalex.org/W2096822517","https://openalex.org/W2116154370","https://openalex.org/W2151905266","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2198925542","https://openalex.org/W2289313454","https://openalex.org/W2472941936","https://openalex.org/W2548543256","https://openalex.org/W2554132869","https://openalex.org/W2584026922","https://openalex.org/W2727070208","https://openalex.org/W2756038645","https://openalex.org/W2767684537","https://openalex.org/W2799259051","https://openalex.org/W2800496882","https://openalex.org/W2810635582","https://openalex.org/W2887818214","https://openalex.org/W2965907906","https://openalex.org/W2968837350","https://openalex.org/W2982113760","https://openalex.org/W2983975441","https://openalex.org/W3004007136","https://openalex.org/W3005561655","https://openalex.org/W3037984046","https://openalex.org/W3080158736","https://openalex.org/W3086954583","https://openalex.org/W3106301105","https://openalex.org/W3110948414","https://openalex.org/W3170825577","https://openalex.org/W3199749288","https://openalex.org/W3202600898","https://openalex.org/W3214546768","https://openalex.org/W3214722354","https://openalex.org/W4200488055","https://openalex.org/W4236130975","https://openalex.org/W4281889269","https://openalex.org/W4377289816","https://openalex.org/W4378364689","https://openalex.org/W4390279534","https://openalex.org/W4399310877","https://openalex.org/W6720768092","https://openalex.org/W6755620618","https://openalex.org/W6782841718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2022544890","https://openalex.org/W2394097730","https://openalex.org/W2475378634","https://openalex.org/W4312353617","https://openalex.org/W2113405914","https://openalex.org/W2260963831","https://openalex.org/W2059650074","https://openalex.org/W4285504728"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,159,189],"number":[1],"of":[2,39,70,81,184,235],"Amblyopia":[3],"cases":[4],"has":[5,20,45],"been":[6],"constantly":[7],"rising":[8],"in":[9,14,52,68,83,101,148],"the":[10,63,84,88,96,104,115,139,176,214,217,232,236],"recent":[11],"times.":[12],"Difficulty":[13],"regular":[15,151],"clinical":[16],"visits":[17],"for":[18,24,75,91,113,150,193],"therapy":[19],"created":[21],"a":[22,25,57,110,120,153,164,182],"need":[23,58],"monitored":[26],"engaging":[27,73],"home-based":[28,239],"amblyopia":[29,43,66,178,241],"treatment.":[30,242],"In":[31],"this":[32,53],"regard,":[33],"various":[34],"technological":[35],"designs":[36],"are":[37,172,209],"proposed":[38],"which":[40,114],"gamified":[41,64,240],"VR":[42,65,102],"treatment":[44,67],"showcased":[46,108],"positive":[47,121],"outcomes":[48],"over":[49],"time.":[50],"However":[51],"work,":[54],"we":[55],"identify":[56,138],"to":[59,87,103,180,212],"understand":[60],"and":[61,78,98,146,195,205,228],"improvise":[62],"terms":[69],"attentional":[71],"&":[72,224],"elements":[74],"better":[76],"engageability":[77],"ensure":[79],"correlation":[80,122],"stimulus":[82,99],"virtual":[85],"environment":[86],"real":[89,105],"world":[90,106],"test":[92,118],"efficacy.":[93],"Additionally,":[94],"correlating":[95],"distance":[97],"parameters":[100],"is":[107,157,191],"as":[109,238],"design":[111,215],"guideline":[112],"visual":[116],"acuity":[117],"yielded":[119],"(r":[123],"=0.845,":[124],"p":[125],"=0.002":[126],"at":[127],"<inline-formula":[128],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[130],"<tex-math":[131],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\alpha":[132],"=0.01$":[133],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[134],"N":[135,229],"=10).":[136],"To":[137],"XR":[140,185],"interaction":[141],"game":[142,161,187],"mechanics":[143,162],"promoting":[144],"engagement":[145,196],"motivation":[147],"users":[149],"treatment,":[152],"user":[154],"based":[155],"study":[156],"conducted.":[158],"identified":[160],"with":[163,175],"cognitive":[165],"task":[166],"load":[167],"(NASA":[168],"TLX,":[169],"M":[170,222,226],"=12.26)":[171],"later":[173],"mapped":[174],"recognised":[177],"characteristics":[179],"propose":[181],"prototype":[183,190,237],"amblyopic":[186],"mechanics.":[188],"evaluated":[192],"motivational":[194],"factors":[197],"through":[198],"Octalysis":[199],"(Score":[200],"=332).":[201],"System":[202],"Usability":[203],"Scale":[204],"Nielsen\u2019s":[206],"Heuristic":[207],"Evaluation":[208],"further":[210],"used":[211],"evaluate":[213],"by":[216],"experts.":[218],"Results":[219],"obtained":[220],"(SUS,":[221],"=72.8":[223],"Heuristics,":[225],">60%":[227],"=10)":[230],"demonstrate":[231],"potential":[233],"usability":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
