{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402978535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869","title":"A Hybrid Model XBORE for Predicting the Performance of Truck-Haulage Systems in the Ore Transportation Process at Underground Mine","display_name":"A Hybrid Model XBORE for Predicting the Performance of Truck-Haulage Systems in the Ore Transportation Process at Underground Mine","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402978535","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3470869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107654611","display_name":"Morris Mkokweza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5901-1617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32284924","display_name":"Copperbelt University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgtjr33","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Morris Mkokweza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Graduate Studies, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","Copperbelt University, School of Graduate Studies, Kitwe, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5901-1617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Graduate Studies, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Copperbelt University, School of Graduate Studies, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014726283","display_name":"Santhi Kumaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-4063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32284924","display_name":"Copperbelt University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgtjr33","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santhi Kumaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","Department of Computer Engineering, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3922-4063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107654612","display_name":"George Mufungulwa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32284924","display_name":"Copperbelt University","ror":"https://ror.org/03fgtjr33","country_code":"ZM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}],"countries":["ZM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Mufungulwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","Computer Science Department, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32284924"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064742978","display_name":"Omar Haji Kombo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-0916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72235472","display_name":"State University of Zanzibar","ror":"https://ror.org/0316x1478","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72235472"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Haji Kombo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9359-0916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, The State University of Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72235472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":0.3456,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54204327,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"152696","last_page":"152708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13065","display_name":"Mining Techniques and Economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13065","display_name":"Mining Techniques and Economics","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haulage","display_name":"Haulage","score":0.9651622772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/truck","display_name":"Truck","score":0.9115716218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.677322268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underground-mining","display_name":"Underground mining (soft rock)","score":0.4760808050632477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining-engineering","display_name":"Mining engineering","score":0.4687618911266327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38899534940719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.3552166223526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33291736245155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23913773894309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.20317748188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coal-mining","display_name":"Coal mining","score":0.15965130925178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.05743524432182312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778325830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4174178","display_name":"Haulage","level":3,"score":0.9651622772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52121051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43193","display_name":"Truck","level":2,"score":0.9115716218948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.677322268486023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780486870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105965361","display_name":"Underground mining (soft rock)","level":4,"score":0.4760808050632477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16674752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1370637","display_name":"Mining engineering","level":1,"score":0.4687618911266327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38899534940719604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.3552166223526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33291736245155334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23913773894309998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.20317748188972473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108615695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12880211","display_name":"Coal mining","level":3,"score":0.15965130925178528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.05743524432182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518851703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24489","display_name":"Coal","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162269090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156047","display_name":"Rope","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3470869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:da21800a591c4a538a3388b695903aff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/da21800a591c4a538a3388b695903aff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 152696-152708 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3470869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3470869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1983865151","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2782865993","https://openalex.org/W2803367248","https://openalex.org/W2809487702","https://openalex.org/W2894570521","https://openalex.org/W2895408265","https://openalex.org/W2942137712","https://openalex.org/W2949228982","https://openalex.org/W2950048690","https://openalex.org/W2970896257","https://openalex.org/W2978575968","https://openalex.org/W2982616372","https://openalex.org/W2988666181","https://openalex.org/W2989631814","https://openalex.org/W3007945131","https://openalex.org/W3020615756","https://openalex.org/W3034143844","https://openalex.org/W3036320854","https://openalex.org/W3036888540","https://openalex.org/W3083963384","https://openalex.org/W3091534692","https://openalex.org/W3124590480","https://openalex.org/W3153990350","https://openalex.org/W3169203486","https://openalex.org/W3173446864","https://openalex.org/W3188968325","https://openalex.org/W3191950921","https://openalex.org/W3203375935","https://openalex.org/W3206956349","https://openalex.org/W4200136078","https://openalex.org/W4220806233","https://openalex.org/W4353094384","https://openalex.org/W4362676276","https://openalex.org/W4366334395","https://openalex.org/W4366724756","https://openalex.org/W4381434122","https://openalex.org/W4381997116","https://openalex.org/W4382372076","https://openalex.org/W4385146255","https://openalex.org/W4387653352","https://openalex.org/W4389611930","https://openalex.org/W4396945827","https://openalex.org/W6771658506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065504202","https://openalex.org/W2351979663","https://openalex.org/W4307409933","https://openalex.org/W2991397492","https://openalex.org/W2035836472","https://openalex.org/W3118438776","https://openalex.org/W816852586","https://openalex.org/W2088085133","https://openalex.org/W2350754945","https://openalex.org/W4245592507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"mining":[1,14],"companies":[2],"worldwide":[3],"endeavor":[4],"to":[5,16,35,38,92,116,142,208],"promote":[6],"the":[7,18,31,36,50,54,59,68,96,104,107,113,120,129,137,144,151,184,189,199,213],"continued":[8],"flow":[9],"of":[10,49,71,98,203],"ore":[11,27,55,108,124],"at":[12,58,119,136],"every":[13],"stage":[15],"ensure":[17],"mines\u2019":[19],"productivity":[20],"and":[21,83,94,110,133,180,195,210,216,221,240,246],"profitability.":[22],"However,":[23],"issues":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"transportation":[28,56,111,125],"are":[29],"among":[30],"major":[32],"challenges":[33,51],"contributing":[34],"failure":[37],"meet":[39],"planned":[40],"production":[41,97,117],"targets.":[42],"In":[43,149,198],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"a":[46],"thorough":[47],"study":[48],"faced":[52],"during":[53],"process":[57],"Mopani":[60,130],"underground":[61,114,131],"mine":[62,132,138],"located":[63],"in":[64,67,100],"Kitwe":[65],"town":[66],"Copperbelt":[69],"province":[70],"Zambia":[72],"is":[73,87],"undertaken.":[74],"Then":[75],"XBORE":[76,146,152,190,225],"hybrid":[77,147,153],"prediction":[78],"model":[79,191],"using":[80],"XGBOOST,":[81],"RF,":[82],"Voting":[84],"Regression":[85],"algorithms":[86,231],"developed":[88],"that":[89,224],"will":[90],"help":[91],"predict":[93],"forecast":[95],"copper":[99],"tonnage":[101],"by":[102],"analyzing":[103],"links":[105],"between":[106],"extraction":[109],"from":[112,128],"sites":[115],"outputs":[118],"metallurgical":[121],"plants.":[122],"Historical":[123],"data":[126,135],"records":[127],"real-time":[134],"site":[139],"were":[140,183],"used":[141],"train":[143],"proposed":[145],"model.":[148],"evaluating":[150],"model\u2019s":[154],"performance,":[155],"Mean":[156,160,165,170,175],"Absolute":[157,176],"Error":[158,162,167,173,178],"(MAE),":[159],"Squared":[161,166,171],"(MSE),":[163],"Root":[164,169],"(RMSE),":[168],"Logarithmic":[172],"(RMSLE),":[174],"Percentage":[177],"(MAPE),":[179],"R-Squared":[181],"(R2)":[182],"metrics":[185],"used.":[186],"Results":[187],"revealed":[188],"exhibited":[192],"superior":[193],"performance":[194],"high":[196],"accuracy.":[197],"test":[200],"phase,":[201],"R2":[202],"0.981":[204],"was":[205],"obtained":[206],"compared":[207],"0.93":[209],"0.42":[211],"for":[212],"AdaBoost":[214],"regressor":[215,218],"K-neighbors":[217],"respectively.":[219],"Evaluation":[220],"analysis":[222],"showed":[223],"performed":[226],"better":[227],"than":[228],"other":[229],"state-of-the-art":[230],"(namely;":[232],"GBR,":[233],"ADA,":[234],"DT,":[235],"LR,":[236],"BR,":[237],"KNN,":[238],"SVR,":[239],"CNN)":[241],"concerning":[242],"its":[243],"robustness,":[244],"accuracy,":[245],"computational":[247],"efficiency.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
