{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402892336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886","title":"Stego-Image Synthesis Employing Data-Driven Continuous Variable Representations of Cover Images","display_name":"Stego-Image Synthesis Employing Data-Driven Continuous Variable Representations of Cover Images","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402892336","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3468886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019116175","display_name":"Saleh Naif Almuayqil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-7198"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saleh Naif Almuayqil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5696-7198","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Systems Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090039802","display_name":"Magdy M. Fadel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdy M. Fadel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Engineering and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","Computer Engineering and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6161-0553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Engineering and Systems Department, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004967073","display_name":"Mohammed K. Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-0494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126427551","display_name":"Damietta University","ror":"https://ror.org/035h3r191","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed K. Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Horus University in EGYPT (HUE), New Damietta, Egypt","Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-0494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Horus University in EGYPT (HUE), New Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechatronics Department, Faculty of Engineering, Horus University in Egypt (HUE), New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038241400","display_name":"Esam A. A. Hagras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1665-5944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882248123","display_name":"Delta University for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0481xaz04","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882248123"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esam A. A. Hagras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt","Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Dakahlia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882248123"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Dakahlia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882248123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107914363","display_name":"Wael Said","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wael Said","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8623-6847","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019116175"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78486417,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"146749","last_page":"146770"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10481","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Visualization Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1704","display_name":"Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cover","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","score":0.6634724140167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6317720413208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5277122855186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46429571509361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4505607485771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43766412138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.41745007038116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33875036239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2392365038394928}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780428219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16952335","display_name":"Cover (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.6634724140167236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6317720413208008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5277122855186462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46429571509361267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4505607485771179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43766412138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.41745007038116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33875036239624023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2392365038394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3468886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:fc205c5290a044229bf13b89b787437f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/fc205c5290a044229bf13b89b787437f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 146749-146770 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3468886","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3468886","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W1557577278","https://openalex.org/W1765283245","https://openalex.org/W1955882805","https://openalex.org/W1965129170","https://openalex.org/W1972291170","https://openalex.org/W1978395275","https://openalex.org/W2006286269","https://openalex.org/W2045110448","https://openalex.org/W2046180645","https://openalex.org/W2055625960","https://openalex.org/W2102602190","https://openalex.org/W2115501658","https://openalex.org/W2134527668","https://openalex.org/W2161439181","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2273972066","https://openalex.org/W2294087712","https://openalex.org/W2371975536","https://openalex.org/W2548753991","https://openalex.org/W2551209091","https://openalex.org/W2565257220","https://openalex.org/W2621048556","https://openalex.org/W2738643374","https://openalex.org/W2751202750","https://openalex.org/W2891709497","https://openalex.org/W2898292234","https://openalex.org/W2922096023","https://openalex.org/W2963917315","https://openalex.org/W3004271471","https://openalex.org/W3164375329","https://openalex.org/W3181180015","https://openalex.org/W4323654738","https://openalex.org/W4378188762","https://openalex.org/W4378420875","https://openalex.org/W4381857058","https://openalex.org/W4382812240","https://openalex.org/W4386075819","https://openalex.org/W4387886007","https://openalex.org/W4391432150","https://openalex.org/W6621378261","https://openalex.org/W6678815747","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6713645886","https://openalex.org/W6743223498","https://openalex.org/W6746090280","https://openalex.org/W6748622420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2521839693","https://openalex.org/W2969135852","https://openalex.org/W2188948172","https://openalex.org/W38533693","https://openalex.org/W2892069487","https://openalex.org/W2989873089","https://openalex.org/W2809100332","https://openalex.org/W2299048436","https://openalex.org/W2765501876","https://openalex.org/W2929936941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,110,194],"security":[1,28],"of":[2,29,54,81,84,135,204],"stego-images":[3,105],"is":[4,43,101,118,154],"a":[5,131,164,176],"crucial":[6],"foundation":[7],"for":[8],"analyzing":[9],"steganography":[10,13,31],"algorithms.":[11],"Recently,":[12],"has":[14,201],"made":[15],"significant":[16],"strides":[17],"in":[18,114,130],"ongoing":[19],"conflicts":[20],"with":[21],"steganalysis.":[22],"In":[23],"order":[24],"to":[25,35,103,120,156],"increase":[26],"the":[27,55,82,85,115,122,127,136,142,149,158,184,189,192,202],"stego-images,":[30],"must":[32],"be":[33,59],"able":[34],"evade":[36],"detection":[37,206],"using":[38,46,61,207],"steganalysis":[39,65,73,212],"methods.":[40],"Secret":[41],"information":[42,216],"typically":[44],"hidden":[45],"traditional":[47],"embedding-based":[48],"steganography,":[49],"which":[50],"inevitably":[51],"leaves":[52],"traces":[53],"modifications":[56],"that":[57,198],"can":[58,186],"found":[60],"more":[62],"sophisticated":[63],"machine-learning-based":[64,72],"techniques.":[66],"Steganography":[67],"without":[68],"embedding":[69,167],"(SWE)":[70],"outperforms":[71],"techniques":[74],"because":[75],"it":[76],"does":[77],"not":[78],"require":[79],"alteration":[80],"data":[83,190],"cover":[86,137],"image.":[87,138,193],"A":[88],"novel":[89],"image":[90],"SWE":[91],"method":[92],"based":[93,124],"on":[94,125],"deep":[95,209],"convolutional":[96,178],"generative":[97],"adversarial":[98],"networks":[99],"(GANs)":[100],"proposed":[102],"synthesize":[104,121],"led":[106],"by":[107],"embedded":[108],"text.":[109],"variational":[111],"autoencoder":[112],"(VAE)":[113],"GAN":[116],"model":[117],"utilized":[119],"stego-image,":[123,165],"interpolating":[126],"secret":[128],"text":[129],"continuous":[132],"variable":[133],"representation":[134],"To":[139],"further":[140],"improve":[141],"framework\u2019s":[143],"performance":[144],"and":[145,173,214],"shorten":[146],"processing":[147],"times,":[148],"whale":[150],"optimization":[151],"algorithm":[152],"(WOA)":[153],"used":[155],"identify":[157],"optimal":[159],"VAE":[160],"structure.":[161],"When":[162],"creating":[163],"no":[166],"or":[168],"modification":[169],"procedures":[170],"are":[171],"required,":[172],"after":[174],"training,":[175],"different":[177],"neural":[179],"network":[180],"(CNN)":[181],"known":[182],"as":[183],"extractor":[185],"correctly":[187],"extract":[188],"from":[191],"experimental":[195],"results":[196],"revealed":[197],"this":[199],"approach":[200],"advantages":[203],"evading":[205],"innovative":[208],"learning":[210],"(DL)":[211],"architecture":[213],"accurate":[215],"extraction.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}