{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402742678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869","title":"Securing Permissioned Blockchain-Based Systems: An Analysis on the Significance of Consensus Mechanisms","display_name":"Securing Permissioned Blockchain-Based Systems: An Analysis on the Significance of Consensus Mechanisms","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402742678","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3465869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063029824","display_name":"Norshakinah Md Nasir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94625822","display_name":"Northern University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01ss10648","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norshakinah Md Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","School of Computing, InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1603-9888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025967682","display_name":"Suhaidi Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94625822","display_name":"Northern University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01ss10648","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suhaidi Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","School of Computing, InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5094-4929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, InterNetWorks Research Laboratory, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040930324","display_name":"Khuzairi Mohd Zaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-3205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94625822","display_name":"Northern University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/01ss10648","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khuzairi Mohd Zaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","School of Computing, Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7049-3205","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Institute for Advanced and Smart Digital Opportunities, Universiti Utara Malaysia, UUM Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94625822"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98456308,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"138211","last_page":"138238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.931540846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6556895971298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3807735741138458}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.931540846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6556895971298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3807735741138458}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3465869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d307232576104465a304fdadddf917fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d307232576104465a304fdadddf917fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 138211-138238 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3465869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3465869","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7337354862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2020/ICT11/UUM/02/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110880385","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2132334337","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2530733036","https://openalex.org/W2553066882","https://openalex.org/W2579952554","https://openalex.org/W2748264495","https://openalex.org/W2774802253","https://openalex.org/W2783501927","https://openalex.org/W2802417999","https://openalex.org/W2897450989","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2909181255","https://openalex.org/W2910723953","https://openalex.org/W2921394183","https://openalex.org/W2943088024","https://openalex.org/W2943517060","https://openalex.org/W2947909613","https://openalex.org/W2949824729","https://openalex.org/W2953790105","https://openalex.org/W2953900115","https://openalex.org/W2963264685","https://openalex.org/W2966343965","https://openalex.org/W2967604605","https://openalex.org/W2968654610","https://openalex.org/W2981495462","https://openalex.org/W2990117313","https://openalex.org/W2990704933","https://openalex.org/W2991830877","https://openalex.org/W2997035848","https://openalex.org/W2997101661","https://openalex.org/W3000385461","https://openalex.org/W3005115714","https://openalex.org/W3010125963","https://openalex.org/W3010690127","https://openalex.org/W3011120423","https://openalex.org/W3017230573","https://openalex.org/W3023088469","https://openalex.org/W3035734344","https://openalex.org/W3039746697","https://openalex.org/W3043580436","https://openalex.org/W3046191230","https://openalex.org/W3082716233","https://openalex.org/W3083698751","https://openalex.org/W3091788338","https://openalex.org/W3092444706","https://openalex.org/W3101308812","https://openalex.org/W3107245412","https://openalex.org/W3118210937","https://openalex.org/W3120153090","https://openalex.org/W3120970772","https://openalex.org/W3124416857","https://openalex.org/W3127173181","https://openalex.org/W3135586544","https://openalex.org/W3135693305","https://openalex.org/W3137092842","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3155477929","https://openalex.org/W3168427427","https://openalex.org/W3174265232","https://openalex.org/W3184318466","https://openalex.org/W3191055588","https://openalex.org/W3200276483","https://openalex.org/W3206079648","https://openalex.org/W3214204416","https://openalex.org/W3217694425","https://openalex.org/W4205474971","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4224933368","https://openalex.org/W4287882714","https://openalex.org/W4289931137","https://openalex.org/W4290756004","https://openalex.org/W4293468291","https://openalex.org/W4327624494","https://openalex.org/W4327714053","https://openalex.org/W4391385008","https://openalex.org/W4395957203","https://openalex.org/W6602719372","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6686169942","https://openalex.org/W6729722957","https://openalex.org/W6740384779","https://openalex.org/W6790473593","https://openalex.org/W6798558348","https://openalex.org/W6800242810","https://openalex.org/W6801675496"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,136],"the":[1,4,19,67,124,146,169,193],"era":[2],"of":[3,21,70,78,120,127,148,171],"Fourth":[5],"Industrial":[6],"Revolution":[7],"(Industry":[8],"4.0),":[9],"blockchain":[10,59,82,121,203],"technology":[11,35,60],"emerges":[12],"as":[13,26],"an":[14,62,118],"innovative":[15],"solution":[16],"to":[17,106,109,182],"address":[18],"challenges":[20],"digital-based":[22],"business":[23,95],"networks,":[24],"such":[25,88],"traceability,":[27],"transparency,":[28],"trust,":[29],"and":[30,45,53,73,86,92,133,144,150,157,167,175,200],"data":[31,51],"authenticity.":[32],"This":[33],"transformative":[34],"has":[36],"shown":[37],"promise":[38],"across":[39],"diverse":[40],"domains,":[41],"including":[42],"finance,":[43],"healthcare,":[44],"supply":[46],"chain,":[47],"by":[48],"enabling":[49],"secure":[50,151,201],"transmission":[52],"trust":[54],"establishment":[55],"between":[56,66],"entities.":[57],"However,":[58],"experiences":[61],"inherent":[63],"trade-off":[64],"issue":[65],"core":[68],"properties":[69],"security,":[71],"decentralization,":[72,87],"scalability":[74,91],"in":[75,84,111,130,198],"its":[76],"type":[77],"network.":[79],"While":[80],"permissionless":[81],"excels":[83],"security":[85,132,174],"networks":[89],"lack":[90],"suitability":[93],"for":[94,161,188,195],"transactions.":[96],"Conversely,":[97],"permissioned":[98,162,202],"blockchains":[99],"offer":[100],"better":[101],"performance,":[102],"but":[103],"are":[104],"vulnerable":[105],"cyber-attacks":[107],"due":[108],"weaknesses":[110],"consensus":[112,128,152,186],"mechanisms.":[113,153],"Therefore,":[114],"this":[115],"paper":[116],"provides":[117],"analysis":[119],"technology,":[122],"emphasizing":[123],"pivotal":[125],"role":[126],"mechanisms":[129,160,187],"ensuring":[131,172],"system":[134,173],"performance.":[135,176],"addition,":[137],"it":[138,155,178],"identifies":[139],"practical":[140,199],"threats,":[141],"suggests":[142],"countermeasures,":[143],"underscores":[145],"importance":[147],"resilient":[149],"Furthermore,":[154],"compares":[156],"analyzes":[158],"existing":[159],"blockchains,":[163],"discusses":[164],"their":[165],"limitations,":[166],"highlights":[168],"significance":[170],"Finally,":[177],"uncovers":[179],"essential":[180],"factors":[181],"consider":[183],"when":[184],"designing":[185],"specific":[189],"blockchain-based":[190],"applications,":[191],"laying":[192],"foundation":[194],"future":[196],"research":[197],"applications.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}