{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402769324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103","title":"An Adaptive Heart Rate Monitoring System Based on Algebraic Distance Minimization","display_name":"An Adaptive Heart Rate Monitoring System Based on Algebraic Distance Minimization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402769324","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3462103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5552-1086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5552-1086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107528520","display_name":"Yang Yang. Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4599-1211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107612858","display_name":"Ke Xi Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xizheng Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45995772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"134366","last_page":"134378"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.8641999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.8641999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.6520382165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algebraic-number","display_name":"Algebraic number","score":0.6052507162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5961126685142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21269303560256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08055287599563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.07396894693374634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.6520382165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9376300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168817","display_name":"Algebraic number","level":2,"score":0.6052507162094116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5961126685142517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21269303560256958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08055287599563599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.07396894693374634}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3462103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:28d836a3a22f4a669778c122ce44e9cc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/28d836a3a22f4a669778c122ce44e9cc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 134366-134378 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3462103","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3462103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146155376","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61377080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2767215916","https://openalex.org/W2925629343","https://openalex.org/W2941074488","https://openalex.org/W2947941672","https://openalex.org/W2949142182","https://openalex.org/W2951214606","https://openalex.org/W2980137500","https://openalex.org/W2990704076","https://openalex.org/W3021995473","https://openalex.org/W3033646134","https://openalex.org/W3043666057","https://openalex.org/W3082483766","https://openalex.org/W3100325602","https://openalex.org/W3109604837","https://openalex.org/W3153971880","https://openalex.org/W3200718741","https://openalex.org/W3217411657","https://openalex.org/W4200057548","https://openalex.org/W4200157809","https://openalex.org/W4200572692","https://openalex.org/W4206119358","https://openalex.org/W4210283270","https://openalex.org/W4224281430","https://openalex.org/W4229534021","https://openalex.org/W4283642567","https://openalex.org/W4285049487","https://openalex.org/W4285058603","https://openalex.org/W4285414039","https://openalex.org/W4287887246","https://openalex.org/W4294975251","https://openalex.org/W4294975277","https://openalex.org/W4295414633","https://openalex.org/W4295467897","https://openalex.org/W4296203187","https://openalex.org/W4303981196","https://openalex.org/W4304166026","https://openalex.org/W4308973754","https://openalex.org/W4309265191","https://openalex.org/W4312525959","https://openalex.org/W4312971024","https://openalex.org/W4318624557","https://openalex.org/W4367663180","https://openalex.org/W4378364096","https://openalex.org/W4381792468","https://openalex.org/W4385627201","https://openalex.org/W4387737036","https://openalex.org/W4392851477","https://openalex.org/W4399826484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"novel":[1],"adaptive":[2,106,120],"heart":[3,31,34,94,133,207],"rate":[4,35,95,134,208],"monitoring":[5,25],"and":[6,33,62,87,104,122,128,153,165,172],"filtering":[7],"system":[8,18,47],"based":[9,135],"on":[10,93,136],"algebraic":[11,42],"distance":[12,43],"minimization":[13,44],"has":[14],"been":[15],"designed.":[16],"This":[17,115],"uses":[19],"frequency-modulated":[20],"continuous-wave":[21],"radar":[22,78],"for":[23,118],"non-contact":[24],"of":[26,58,66,90,124,131,155,167,187,206],"parameters":[27],"such":[28,73],"as":[29,74],"respiration,":[30],"rate,":[32],"variability":[36],"(HRV).":[37],"By":[38],"employing":[39],"an":[40,105,184],"improved":[41],"technique,":[45],"the":[46,52,55,59,64,85,88,119,137,151,156,163,168,181,200,204],"suppresses":[48],"static":[49],"noise":[50],"from":[51,77],"environment,":[53],"enhances":[54],"signal-to-noise":[56],"ratio":[57],"intermediate-frequency":[60],"signal,":[61],"reduces":[63],"complexity":[65],"subsequent":[67],"signal":[68],"processing.":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"issues":[72],"low-frequency":[75],"interference":[76],"signals":[79,127],"reflecting":[80],"off":[81],"fixed":[82],"targets":[83],"around":[84],"subject":[86],"impact":[89],"respiratory":[91,101,112,132],"harmonics":[92],"measurement,":[96],"this":[97],"study":[98],"introduces":[99],"a":[100],"harmonic":[102,113],"filter":[103,108],"notch":[107],"to":[109],"eliminate":[110],"higher-order":[111],"interference.":[114],"approach":[116],"allows":[117],"decomposition":[121],"reconstruction":[123],"vital":[125],"sign":[126],"final":[129],"estimation":[130],"relationship":[138],"between":[139],"harmonics.":[140],"Comparative":[141],"experiments":[142],"with":[143],"intensive":[144],"care":[145],"unit":[146],"medical":[147],"equipment":[148],"have":[149],"validated":[150],"superiority":[152],"robustness":[154],"proposed":[157],"algorithm.":[158],"Experimental":[159],"results":[160],"show":[161],"that":[162],"RMSE":[164],"MRE":[166],"method":[169,182],"are":[170],"2.66%":[171],"2.7%,":[173],"respectively.":[174],"After":[175],"multiple":[176],"measurements":[177],"across":[178],"various":[179],"subjects,":[180],"achieved":[183],"average":[185],"accuracy":[186,192],"96.5%,":[188],"demonstrating":[189],"higher":[190],"measurement":[191],"than":[193],"other":[194],"methods":[195],"in":[196],"all":[197],"cases.":[198],"Additionally,":[199],"algorithm":[201],"also":[202],"enables":[203],"detection":[205],"variability.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}