{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402659201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429","title":"Toward an Accurate Liver Disease Prediction Based on Two-Level Ensemble Stacking Model","display_name":"Toward an Accurate Liver Disease Prediction Based on Two-Level Ensemble Stacking Model","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402659201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3459429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085318402","display_name":"Marghany Hassan Mohamed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marghany Hassan Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067606699","display_name":"Botheina Hussein Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122761","display_name":"Arish University","ror":"https://ror.org/02nzd5081","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122761"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Botheina Hussein Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Faculty of Computers and Information, Arish University, Arish, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3635-5678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Faculty of Computers and Information, Arish University, Arish, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122761"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075264815","display_name":"Ahmed I. Taloba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3558-423X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91041137","display_name":"Assiut University","ror":"https://ror.org/01jaj8n65","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Ibrahim Taloba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information System, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information System, Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011533814","display_name":"Ahmad O. Aseeri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad O. Aseeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-4069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, College of Computer Engineering and Sciences, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057217204","display_name":"Mohamed Abd Elaziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130009713","display_name":"Suez University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndhrx30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009028","display_name":"Galala University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3ne739","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abd Elaziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7682-6269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130009713","https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052265483","display_name":"Shaker El\u2013Sappagh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-1477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130009713","display_name":"Suez University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ndhrx30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130009713"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400009028","display_name":"Galala University","ror":"https://ror.org/04x3ne739","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaker El-Sappagah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9705-1477","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, Galala University, Suez, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130009713","https://openalex.org/I4400009028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050567281","display_name":"Nora El-Rashidy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-9439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130309236","display_name":"Kafrelsheikh University","ror":"https://ror.org/04a97mm30","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nora Mahmoud El-Rashidy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Learning and Information Retrieval, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8177-9439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning and Information Retrieval, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130309236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085318402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91041137"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.2718,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96469657,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"180210","last_page":"180237"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stacking","display_name":"Stacking","score":0.7999132871627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6195040941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33944475650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12552013993263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.08952417969703674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33347731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285210","display_name":"Stacking","level":2,"score":0.7999132871627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6195040941238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33944475650787354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12552013993263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.08952417969703674}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3459429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f73bca9f0d94533ad3e35a6fad6923d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f73bca9f0d94533ad3e35a6fad6923d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 180210-180237 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3459429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3459429","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G604726058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2023/R/1445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2079818888","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2171860505","https://openalex.org/W2206299551","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2387336614","https://openalex.org/W2515502085","https://openalex.org/W2581465409","https://openalex.org/W2795958278","https://openalex.org/W2803437104","https://openalex.org/W2907716967","https://openalex.org/W2925507233","https://openalex.org/W2980506460","https://openalex.org/W2992631208","https://openalex.org/W2997546679","https://openalex.org/W3016322108","https://openalex.org/W3022667344","https://openalex.org/W3032120021","https://openalex.org/W3047730843","https://openalex.org/W3118851370","https://openalex.org/W3121813582","https://openalex.org/W3127383146","https://openalex.org/W3127432888","https://openalex.org/W3136373493","https://openalex.org/W3170764269","https://openalex.org/W3182078758","https://openalex.org/W3195421215","https://openalex.org/W3203610696","https://openalex.org/W3210526060","https://openalex.org/W4205625755","https://openalex.org/W4226323522","https://openalex.org/W4230428500","https://openalex.org/W4235846101","https://openalex.org/W4296990612","https://openalex.org/W4297791483","https://openalex.org/W4313478875","https://openalex.org/W4315618772","https://openalex.org/W4315853407","https://openalex.org/W4320016093","https://openalex.org/W4321093064","https://openalex.org/W4321376625","https://openalex.org/W4327967423","https://openalex.org/W4376618067","https://openalex.org/W4379117608","https://openalex.org/W4379615619","https://openalex.org/W4381661674","https://openalex.org/W4390942721","https://openalex.org/W4395013243","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W6710649695"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2035329725","https://openalex.org/W2070875936","https://openalex.org/W4250391473","https://openalex.org/W4302292679","https://openalex.org/W4241625287","https://openalex.org/W2050788868","https://openalex.org/W4295885776"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112,190],"difficulty":[1],"of":[2,16,79,93,114,140],"detecting":[3],"liver":[4,237],"disease":[5],"at":[6],"an":[7],"early":[8],"stage":[9],"goes":[10],"back":[11],"to":[12,30,53,75,89],"its":[13],"limited":[14],"number":[15],"symptoms.":[17],"In":[18,136],"this":[19],"study,":[20],"single":[21,115],"and":[22,38,42,52,70,109,132,158,175,180,211],"ensemble":[23,60,81,141,159,164,167,192],"machine":[24],"learning":[25],"(ML)":[26],"algorithms":[27],"are":[28,47,87,118,144],"applied":[29,64],"the":[31,54,71,77,80,91,94,138,163,166,171,182,187,196,200,214],"Indian":[32],"Liver":[33],"Patient":[34],"Dataset":[35],"(ILPD)":[36],"dataset,":[37],"their":[39],"results,":[40],"without":[41,179],"with":[43,181,199,220],"feature":[44,72,110,183,221],"selection":[45,73,184,222],"techniques,":[46],"compared":[48],"between":[49],"each":[50],"other":[51],"existing":[55],"studies.":[56],"Also,":[57],"a":[58,232],"two-level":[59,191],"stacking":[61,160,168,193],"model":[62,116,169,194,235],"is":[63],"based":[65],"on":[66],"several":[67],"meta-ensemble":[68],"classifiers":[69],"technique":[74,185,230],"optimize":[76,90],"accuracy":[78,92,203],"classifiers.":[82],"Several":[83],"data":[84,98,100,102,104,107],"preprocessing":[85],"techniques":[86],"employed":[88],"proposed":[95,229],"work,":[96],"including":[97],"encoding,":[99],"cleaning,":[101],"scaling,":[103],"skewing":[105],"transformation,":[106],"balancing,":[108],"selection.":[111],"choices":[113,139],"ML":[117,142],"logistic":[119],"regression":[120],"(LR),":[121],"K-nearest":[122],"neighbors":[123],"(KNN),":[124],"decision":[125],"tree":[126,146],"(DT),":[127],"linear":[128],"discriminant":[129],"analysis":[130],"(LDA),":[131],"multilayer":[133],"perceptron":[134],"(MLP).":[135],"contrast,":[137],"models":[143],"extra":[145],"classifier,":[147],"random":[148],"forest":[149],"(RF),":[150],"gradient":[151,155],"boosting,":[152],"AdaBoost,":[153],"extreme":[154],"boosting":[156],"(XGBoost),":[157],"classifier.":[161],"Among":[162],"models,":[165],"achieved":[170,195,231],"highest":[172,197],"accuracies":[173],"(93.88%":[174],"94.12%)":[176],"when":[177,218],"trained":[178,219],"using":[186],"10-fold":[188],"cross-validation.":[189],"performance":[198],"metrics":[201],"values:":[202],"(94.01%),":[204,210],"Precision":[205],"(94.44%),":[206],"Recall":[207],"(94.25%),":[208],"F1-score":[209],"area":[212],"under":[213],"ROC":[215],"curve":[216],"(94.25%)":[217],"technique.":[223],"These":[224],"results":[225],"indicate":[226],"that":[227],"our":[228],"high":[233],"prediction":[234],"for":[236],"disease.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T09:19:25.381259","created_date":"2024-09-20T00:00:00"}
