{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402261278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636","title":"Evaluation of LoRa Network Link Quality in Complex Urban Environments Based on Static and Dynamic Parameters","display_name":"Evaluation of LoRa Network Link Quality in Complex Urban Environments Based on Static and Dynamic Parameters","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402261278","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020898793","display_name":"Shengli Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-6200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078022117","display_name":"Delin Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0411-2199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delin Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017036819","display_name":"Di Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2140-9900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074931674","display_name":"Ruoyu Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1494-8922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100639642","display_name":"Honggang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-9336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honggang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007078211","display_name":"Xute Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xute Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020898793"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1123,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78085514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"125369","last_page":"125383"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7459346055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link","display_name":"Link (geometry)","score":0.562885046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5598228573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4405289590358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3725373148918152}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7459346055984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778753846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554239","display_name":"Link (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.562885046005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5598228573799133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4405289590358734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3725373148918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f4524a6802514227adf5daff87896404","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f4524a6802514227adf5daff87896404","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 125369-125383 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454636","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454636","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1481244682","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-YBXM-025","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7358718613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDLGY07-10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329783","funder_display_name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7764709045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDLNY03-08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329783","funder_display_name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329783","display_name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336350","display_name":"Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130381586","https://openalex.org/W2243299349","https://openalex.org/W2342157901","https://openalex.org/W2520480241","https://openalex.org/W2595511394","https://openalex.org/W2911925130","https://openalex.org/W2917008732","https://openalex.org/W2929741483","https://openalex.org/W2955468701","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W3001562933","https://openalex.org/W3036363354","https://openalex.org/W3041470910","https://openalex.org/W3094785551","https://openalex.org/W3111751881","https://openalex.org/W3146366485","https://openalex.org/W3168169499","https://openalex.org/W4252875047","https://openalex.org/W4312075150","https://openalex.org/W4312839183","https://openalex.org/W4360839570","https://openalex.org/W4387484779","https://openalex.org/W4391488855","https://openalex.org/W4392368611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1518185400","https://openalex.org/W3200586296","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4230332972","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W1998033311","https://openalex.org/W4247322236","https://openalex.org/W4396701345"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,41,82,94,115,123,129,162,167,170,174,187,199,224,239,249,253],"continuous":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,9,114,122,131,155,169,227],"IoT":[5],"technology,":[6],"application":[8],"Long":[10,142],"Rang":[11],"wireless":[12,23,30],"link":[13,24,31,46,52,67,86,104,135,250],"transmission":[14,26,88],"in":[15,34,193,252],"urban":[16,35,116,255],"environments":[17,36],"has":[18],"gradually":[19],"increased,":[20],"making":[21],"reliable":[22],"quality":[25,32,53,68,87,251],"particularly":[27],"important.":[28],"Traditional":[29],"assessments":[33],"have":[37,49],"not":[38],"comprehensively":[39],"considered":[40,100],"various":[42,132],"factors":[43,58,83,133,226],"affecting":[44,134],"LoRa":[45,66,85,103],"quality,":[47],"nor":[48],"they":[50],"assessed":[51],"by":[54,109,160],"integrating":[55],"fundamental":[56],"environmental":[57,76,235],"with":[59,179,207,233],"digital":[60],"models.":[61],"This":[62,106,137,221],"paper":[63,80,138,195],"proposes":[64],"a":[65,111,119,140,148,212,218],"assessment":[69],"model":[70,113,121,157,191,203,216,222,243],"that":[71,186,238],"combines":[72],"static":[73,149,188,200],"and":[74,118,173],"dynamic":[75,208,213,240],"factors.":[77],"First,":[78],"this":[79,156,194],"analyzes":[81],"influencing":[84,225],"through":[89,217],"extensive":[90],"real-environment":[91],"experiments.":[92],"Then,":[93],"First":[95,124],"Fresnel":[96,125],"Zone":[97,126],"concept":[98],"is":[99,107,158,196],"to":[101,127,146,210,247],"simulate":[102],"transmission.":[105,136],"done":[108],"constructing":[110],"three-dimensional":[112,120],"environment":[117,150,172,214],"measure":[128],"proportions":[130],"employs":[139],"Bidirectional":[141],"Short-Term":[143],"Memory":[144],"method":[145],"establish":[147,211],"evaluation":[151,190,202,215,242],"model.":[152],"The":[153,230],"reliability":[154],"demonstrated":[159],"comparing":[161,178],"Mean":[163],"Squared":[164],"Error":[165],"between":[166],"scores":[168,204,244],"natural":[171,234],"predicted":[175],"scores.":[176],"By":[177],"three":[180],"other":[181],"methods,":[182],"it":[183],"was":[184],"found":[185],"parameter":[189,201,241],"used":[192],"optimal.":[197],"Subsequently,":[198],"were":[205],"combined":[206],"parameters":[209],"CNN-GRU-Attention":[219],"mechanism.":[220],"considers":[223],"time":[228],"series.":[229],"MSE":[231],"comparison":[232],"conditions":[236],"revealed":[237],"are":[245],"sufficient":[246],"indicate":[248],"current":[254],"environment.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}