{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402215259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523","title":"Microwave Bone Imaging: Reconstruction of Anthropomorphic Numerical Calcaneus Phantoms for Bone Diseases Diagnosis","display_name":"Microwave Bone Imaging: Reconstruction of Anthropomorphic Numerical Calcaneus Phantoms for Bone Diseases Diagnosis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402215259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018707981","display_name":"Alessia Cannat\u00e0","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-6867"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessia Cannat\u00e0","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1219-6867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032403872","display_name":"Adnan Elahi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-5776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635630","display_name":"University Hospital Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/04scgfz75","country_code":"IE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800263200","https://openalex.org/I2802635630","https://openalex.org/I37076085","https://openalex.org/I4210128306","https://openalex.org/I4210136517"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Elahi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0988-5776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635630"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047214527","display_name":"Martin O\u2019Halloran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1650-2940"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635630","display_name":"University Hospital Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/04scgfz75","country_code":"IE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800263200","https://openalex.org/I2802635630","https://openalex.org/I37076085","https://openalex.org/I4210128306","https://openalex.org/I4210136517"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin O\u2019Halloran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635630"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069290013","display_name":"Marco Pasian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-7419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Pasian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3530-7419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004096113","display_name":"Simona Di Meo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-8003"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simona Di Meo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-8003","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016355934","display_name":"Giulia Matrone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-3348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25217355","display_name":"University of Pavia","ror":"https://ror.org/00s6t1f81","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giulia Matrone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3171-3348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25217355"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106985634","display_name":"Bilal Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2229-0438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802635630","display_name":"University Hospital Galway","ror":"https://ror.org/04scgfz75","country_code":"IE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800263200","https://openalex.org/I2802635630","https://openalex.org/I37076085","https://openalex.org/I4210128306","https://openalex.org/I4210136517"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2229-0438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Translational Medical Device Laboratory, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802635630"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.25,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44383226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"123447","last_page":"123458"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcaneus","display_name":"Calcaneus","score":0.7140558958053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-imaging","display_name":"Microwave imaging","score":0.6249507069587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-imaging","display_name":"Bone imaging","score":0.4787856340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47067174315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.4559926688671112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.41169238090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.3823508620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3437191843986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.3301931619644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2794763445854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave","display_name":"Microwave","score":0.2534177899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.20167621970176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15486815571784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.0791441798210144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776889875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13075","display_name":"Calcaneus","level":2,"score":0.7140558958053589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010029","display_name":"Microwave imaging","level":3,"score":0.6249507069587708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909260394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928938","display_name":"Bone imaging","level":2,"score":0.4787856340408325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47067174315452576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.4559926688671112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.41169238090515137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3823508620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3437191843986511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.3301931619644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2794763445854187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.2534177899360657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.20167621970176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15486815571784973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0791441798210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0a15c07d0cc84fe393ab0fd22932cf98","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0a15c07d0cc84fe393ab0fd22932cf98","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 123447-123458 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454523","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454523","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964494134","https://openalex.org/W1968185959","https://openalex.org/W1970534438","https://openalex.org/W1981424063","https://openalex.org/W2000978429","https://openalex.org/W2029454004","https://openalex.org/W2055054213","https://openalex.org/W2069472142","https://openalex.org/W2069882309","https://openalex.org/W2085146467","https://openalex.org/W2087731171","https://openalex.org/W2090093849","https://openalex.org/W2123090473","https://openalex.org/W2127107265","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2153425581","https://openalex.org/W2155857596","https://openalex.org/W2159918397","https://openalex.org/W2281421890","https://openalex.org/W2494301514","https://openalex.org/W2594063230","https://openalex.org/W2755736376","https://openalex.org/W2792358390","https://openalex.org/W2808775942","https://openalex.org/W2889265436","https://openalex.org/W2902902312","https://openalex.org/W2909911330","https://openalex.org/W2996356939","https://openalex.org/W3005041886","https://openalex.org/W3021145726","https://openalex.org/W3041527805","https://openalex.org/W3047022342","https://openalex.org/W3095523286","https://openalex.org/W3096896180","https://openalex.org/W3120479231","https://openalex.org/W3125764491","https://openalex.org/W3139892940","https://openalex.org/W3208323631","https://openalex.org/W3216543543","https://openalex.org/W4225884631","https://openalex.org/W4285814628","https://openalex.org/W4381249530","https://openalex.org/W4390352280","https://openalex.org/W4395662000"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3139351773","https://openalex.org/W2441412215","https://openalex.org/W3201075493","https://openalex.org/W4367360544","https://openalex.org/W2372655788","https://openalex.org/W1976777594","https://openalex.org/W2261890142","https://openalex.org/W3187233004","https://openalex.org/W2151924555","https://openalex.org/W2288980953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microwave":[0],"Tomography":[1],"(MWT)":[2],"is":[3,149],"emerging":[4],"as":[5],"a":[6,30,90,95,168,216,220],"potential":[7,47],"imaging":[8],"technique":[9],"for":[10,123],"monitoring":[11],"bone":[12,53],"health":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,18,48,61,240],"its":[16,187],"ability":[17],"determine":[19],"the":[20,46,63,108,117,134,163,173,178,182,191,208,212,230,242,246],"dielectric":[21,32,196],"properties":[22,145,197],"of":[23,57,66,142,172,203,210,245],"tissues":[24],"under":[25,152],"investigation.":[26],"Studies":[27],"have":[28],"demonstrated":[29,138],"significant":[31],"contrast":[33],"between":[34],"healthy":[35,78],"and":[36,71,79,94,181,194],"diseased":[37,80],"human":[38,247],"trabecular":[39,72],"bones,":[40],"which":[41],"suggests":[42],"that":[43,139,162],"MWT":[44],"has":[45],"detect":[49],"changes":[50],"associated":[51],"with":[52,116,120,133,198,219],"disorders.":[54],"The":[55,99,136,158],"goal":[56],"this":[58,232],"study":[59],"was":[60,104,130],"assess":[62,241],"numerical":[64,170],"reconstruction":[65,141,171],"an":[67,199,237],"anthropomorphic":[68],"two-layer":[69],"(cortical":[70],"bone)":[73],"calcaneus-shaped":[74,97,183],"phantom,":[75],"considering":[76],"both":[77,176],"scenarios.":[81],"Data":[82],"were":[83],"obtained":[84],"using":[85],"two":[86,224],"different":[87,225],"antenna":[88],"configurations:":[89],"16-antenna":[91],"circular":[92,179],"array":[93,180,184],"24-antenna":[96],"array.":[98],"electromagnetic":[100],"(EM)":[101],"inverse":[102],"problem":[103],"solved":[105],"by":[106],"employing":[107],"Distorted":[109],"Born":[110],"Iterative":[111,118],"Method":[112,119],"(DBIM)":[113],"in":[114,177,189,215,223,236],"conjunction":[115],"Adaptive":[121],"Thresholding":[122],"Compressed":[124],"Sensing":[125],"(IMATCS).":[126],"An$L_{2}$-based":[127],"regularization":[128],"method":[129],"applied":[131],"along":[132],"IMATCS.":[135],"results":[137,160],"accurate":[140],"various":[143],"phantom":[144,222],"at":[146],"1":[147],"GHz":[148],"feasible":[150],"even":[151],"low":[153],"signal-to-noise":[154],"ratio":[155],"(SNR)":[156],"conditions.":[157],"achieved":[159],"suggest":[161],"present":[164],"approach":[165,214],"can":[166],"provide":[167],"good":[169],"proposed":[174],"phantoms":[175],"scenarios,":[185],"proving":[186],"robustness":[188],"distinguishing":[190],"overall":[192],"reference":[193],"reconstructed":[195],"average":[200],"percentage":[201],"difference":[202],"10.43%.":[204],"This":[205],"work":[206],"revealed":[207],"possibility":[209],"applying":[211],"suggested":[213],"new":[217],"scenario":[218],"realistic":[221],"antenna-array":[226],"geometric":[227],"configurations.":[228],"In":[229],"future,":[231],"could":[233],"be":[234],"tested":[235],"experimental":[238],"context":[239],"medical":[243],"conditions":[244],"bones.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
