{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402217520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372","title":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Smart Classrooms is in Its Infancy","display_name":"The Use of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Smart Classrooms is in Its Infancy","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402217520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Elena Figueroa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9233-3755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elena Figueroa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031918585","display_name":"Edgar Batista","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-6016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Batista","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028051095","display_name":"Ram\u00f3n Palau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9843-3116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramon Palau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092532991","display_name":"Oihane Unciti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oihane Unciti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pedagogy, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057603880","display_name":"Maria Ferr\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-1362"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Ferre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091382020","display_name":"Antoni Mart\u00ednez-Ballest\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1787-7410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55952717","display_name":"Universitat Rovira i Virgili","ror":"https://ror.org/00g5sqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antoni Mart\u00ednez-Ballest\u00e9","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mathematics, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55952717"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.107,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94893651,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"125179","last_page":"125193"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9282000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6658133864402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.476845383644104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6658133864402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.476845383644104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9eda9f3704d44afeada378b3136e827f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9eda9f3704d44afeada378b3136e827f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 125179-125193 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454372","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454372","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3812283928","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-127409OB-C33 CONDOR","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","funder_display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6771914938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021SGR-00111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","funder_display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315062","display_name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334830","display_name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","ror":"https://ror.org/01n4pqe45"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526281128","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099977409","https://openalex.org/W2109901510","https://openalex.org/W2171038282","https://openalex.org/W2586509656","https://openalex.org/W2604817031","https://openalex.org/W2735575534","https://openalex.org/W2784169908","https://openalex.org/W2791146974","https://openalex.org/W2808815068","https://openalex.org/W2889729260","https://openalex.org/W2903872066","https://openalex.org/W2914394663","https://openalex.org/W2946480720","https://openalex.org/W2950876257","https://openalex.org/W2957057469","https://openalex.org/W2958482160","https://openalex.org/W2972559661","https://openalex.org/W2975717739","https://openalex.org/W2982067179","https://openalex.org/W2982670714","https://openalex.org/W2996215769","https://openalex.org/W3004078495","https://openalex.org/W3008959835","https://openalex.org/W3023958750","https://openalex.org/W3091968222","https://openalex.org/W3118164373","https://openalex.org/W3127482982","https://openalex.org/W3134251168","https://openalex.org/W3134745262","https://openalex.org/W3201509696","https://openalex.org/W3206715694","https://openalex.org/W4200116677","https://openalex.org/W4200275475","https://openalex.org/W4205458993","https://openalex.org/W4210638371","https://openalex.org/W4211013653","https://openalex.org/W4212963251","https://openalex.org/W4220954977","https://openalex.org/W4280644131","https://openalex.org/W4283315963","https://openalex.org/W4284891120","https://openalex.org/W4309072604","https://openalex.org/W4310230916","https://openalex.org/W4311185806","https://openalex.org/W4312473024","https://openalex.org/W4312903949","https://openalex.org/W4313333360","https://openalex.org/W4319318680","https://openalex.org/W4319794094","https://openalex.org/W4322620053","https://openalex.org/W4372215595","https://openalex.org/W4376275117","https://openalex.org/W4385059327","https://openalex.org/W4385213603","https://openalex.org/W4385299241","https://openalex.org/W4385767168","https://openalex.org/W4388946050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"classrooms":[1],"are":[2,15,44,141],"physical":[3],"learning":[4,27,54],"spaces":[5],"that,":[6],"using":[7],"data":[8,58,84,125],"from":[9,61,67,86,137],"the":[10,51,62,73,77,87,94,99,107,111,116,143,166,192,196,202],"environment,":[11],"students":[12,68],"and":[13,20,26,29,53,69,105,131,150,159,171],"teachers,":[14],"able":[16],"to":[17,23,47,122],"provide":[18,36],"timely":[19],"valuable":[21],"information":[22,157],"improve":[24],"teaching":[25,52],"processes":[28,55],"foster":[30],"decision-making.":[31],"In":[32],"this":[33,189],"article,":[34],"we":[35,113],"an":[37,183],"overview":[38],"of":[39,79,96,101,118,146,168,194,204],"how":[40],"artificial":[41,80,119],"intelligence":[42,81,120],"techniques":[43,82,121],"being":[45],"used":[46],"gain":[48],"insights":[49],"into":[50],"by":[56],"analyzing":[57],"not":[59,152,173],"only":[60],"classroom":[63,124,198],"context,":[64],"but":[65],"also":[66],"teachers.":[70],"We":[71],"identify":[72],"latest":[74],"literature":[75],"addressing":[76],"use":[78,117],"with":[83,182,191],"obtained":[85],"smart":[88,197],"classroom,":[89],"present":[90],"a":[91,199],"taxonomy":[92],"for":[93,201],"areas":[95],"application,":[97],"review":[98],"state":[100],"deployment":[102],"in":[103,126,142,188],"schools,":[104],"discuss":[106],"current":[108],"limitations.":[109],"From":[110],"results,":[112],"conclude":[114],"that":[115],"analyze":[123],"real":[127],"settings":[128],"(i.e.,":[129],"primary":[130],"secondary":[132],"schools)":[133],"is":[134],"still":[135],"far":[136],"common.":[138],"Most":[139],"proposals":[140,163],"lower":[144],"range":[145],"technological":[147,169],"readiness":[148],"levels":[149],"do":[151,172],"consider":[153],"issues":[154],"such":[155],"as":[156],"security":[158],"privacy.":[160],"Furthermore,":[161],"most":[162],"focus":[164],"on":[165,177,185],"development":[167],"products":[170],"address":[174],"their":[175],"impact":[176],"learning.":[178],"Our":[179],"paper":[180],"concludes":[181],"outlook":[184],"future":[186,203],"work":[187],"area":[190],"aim":[193],"making":[195],"cornerstone":[200],"education.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
