{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402217598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251","title":"Front Haul Multi-Homing for Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Low-Latency Approach With Distributed and Hierarchical CPU Deployment","display_name":"Front Haul Multi-Homing for Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Low-Latency Approach With Distributed and Hierarchical CPU Deployment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402217598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003324571","display_name":"Akio Ikami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-085X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akio Ikami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2560-085X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046352527","display_name":"Amr Amrallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-567X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Amrallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1606-567X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041281576","display_name":"Yu Tsukamoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Tsukamoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062609074","display_name":"Takahide Murakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-745X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takahide Murakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8869-745X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011966823","display_name":"Hiroyuki Shinbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-3463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroyuki Shinbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6676-3463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039645902","display_name":"Yoshiaki Amano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0744-818X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164495","display_name":"KDDI Research (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qsqt662","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiaki Amano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Technology Division, KDDI Research, Inc., Saitama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164495"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1731,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47862147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"123956","last_page":"123968"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7190159559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6191980838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5847753882408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.4682636857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3861660361289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.344441294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2569887340068817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18173456192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15548989176750183}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7190159559249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6191980838775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5847753882408142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.4682636857032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3861660361289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.344441294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2569887340068817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18173456192016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15548989176750183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:faee90615d3b4775aed477b8285a3c22","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/faee90615d3b4775aed477b8285a3c22","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 123956-123968 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3454251","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3454251","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4950635070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ012368C00401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1540562499","https://openalex.org/W1922992366","https://openalex.org/W1951602908","https://openalex.org/W1967005434","https://openalex.org/W2013678258","https://openalex.org/W2064969374","https://openalex.org/W2105653221","https://openalex.org/W2138103204","https://openalex.org/W2342148475","https://openalex.org/W2610350904","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2751405739","https://openalex.org/W2765553173","https://openalex.org/W2963652759","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2984884920","https://openalex.org/W2989717462","https://openalex.org/W3006684789","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3038830320","https://openalex.org/W3080441795","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3093756014","https://openalex.org/W3169380645","https://openalex.org/W3195410378","https://openalex.org/W3198664870","https://openalex.org/W3207107933","https://openalex.org/W4211120851","https://openalex.org/W4281707669","https://openalex.org/W4317418997","https://openalex.org/W4385153783","https://openalex.org/W4386260397","https://openalex.org/W4386432291","https://openalex.org/W4388160129","https://openalex.org/W4389104872","https://openalex.org/W4390534515","https://openalex.org/W4392175452","https://openalex.org/W6691766829","https://openalex.org/W6872856427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770234245","https://openalex.org/W96612179","https://openalex.org/W4229499248","https://openalex.org/W2566006169","https://openalex.org/W1567818861","https://openalex.org/W2987774938","https://openalex.org/W4256492088","https://openalex.org/W632915154","https://openalex.org/W2055733372","https://openalex.org/W3022067003"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"anticipation":[1],"of":[2,78,94,104,108,119,135,176],"the":[3,11,76,90,102,117,133,177,212],"6G":[4,95],"system,":[5],"it":[6],"is":[7,26,208],"crucial":[8],"to":[9,14,51,88,128,139,159,161,210,219,224],"address":[10,147],"challenges":[12],"related":[13],"achieving":[15],"high":[16],"throughput":[17,241],"and":[18,38,84,106,113,142,185,190,230],"low":[19],"latency":[20,92],"over":[21],"a":[22,49,60,81,111,152,187,226],"wide":[23],"area.":[24],"This":[25,73,124],"particularly":[27],"important":[28],"for":[29,215],"applications":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32,48],"4K":[33],"360-degree":[34],"streaming,":[35],"tactile":[36],"communication,":[37],"autonomous":[39],"driving.":[40],"Cell-free":[41],"massive":[42],"MIMO":[43],"(CF-mMIMO)":[44],"has":[45],"been":[46],"proposed":[47,205,237],"solution":[50],"enhance":[52],"radio":[53,129,197],"coverage":[54],"by":[55],"eliminating":[56],"cell":[57],"edges,":[58],"where":[59],"central":[61],"processing":[62,67,168],"unit":[63],"(CPU)":[64],"orchestrates":[65],"signal":[66,167],"across":[68,169],"distributed":[69,85,112,136],"access":[70],"points":[71],"(APs).":[72],"paper":[74],"explores":[75],"deployment":[77,103],"CF-mMIMO":[79,105],"within":[80,110],"realistic":[82],"hierarchical":[83,114],"site":[86,222],"architecture":[87,115],"meet":[89],"stringent":[91],"requirements":[93],"through":[96],"mobile":[97],"edge":[98,122,163],"computing":[99],"(MEC).":[100],"However,":[101],"utilization":[107],"MEC":[109],"necessitates":[116],"placement":[118],"CPUs":[120],"at":[121,132],"sites.":[123,170],"arrangement":[125],"may":[126],"lead":[127],"quality":[130,198],"degradation":[131],"edges":[134,223],"sites":[137],"due":[138],"inter-site":[140],"interference":[141],"AP":[143,154,192,213],"selection":[144,193],"limitations.":[145],"To":[146],"this":[148],"problem,":[149],"we":[150,172],"propose":[151,186],"multi-homing":[153,183,188,191],"connection":[155],"that":[156,195,235],"allows":[157],"APs":[158,220],"connect":[160],"multiple":[162],"sites,":[164],"thereby":[165],"enabling":[166],"Furthermore,":[171],"conduct":[173],"an":[174],"analysis":[175],"fronthaul":[178],"(FH)":[179],"costs":[180],"associated":[181],"with":[182],"connections":[184,214],"configuration":[189],"method":[194,238],"improves":[196],"without":[199],"incurring":[200],"excessive":[201],"FH":[202],"costs.":[203],"The":[204],"heuristic":[206],"algorithm":[207],"introduced":[209],"optimize":[211],"multi-homing,":[216],"giving":[217],"priority":[218],"near":[221],"strike":[225],"balance":[227],"between":[228],"cost":[229,244],"performance.":[231],"Simulation":[232],"results":[233],"demonstrate":[234],"our":[236],"attains":[239],"near-optimal":[240],"while":[242],"preserving":[243],"efficiency.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
