{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402080091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316","title":"Flexible Meta-Patch Rectenna Array for Energizing Low-Power Wearable Medical Sensors","display_name":"Flexible Meta-Patch Rectenna Array for Energizing Low-Power Wearable Medical Sensors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402080091","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3452316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049137351","display_name":"Hussein Yahya Alkhalaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-967X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussein Yahya Alkhalaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor and Embedded System Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4551-967X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor and Embedded System Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056677197","display_name":"Mohd Yazed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-2609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Yazed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor and Embedded System Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0674-2609","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Biosensor and Embedded System Laboratory, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048516028","display_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Analog, Digital and RF Research Group, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-6525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Analog, Digital and RF Research Group, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022704432","display_name":"A. K. M. Zakir Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-8142"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32589535","display_name":"Technical University of Malaysia Malacca","ror":"https://ror.org/01xb6rs26","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. K. M. Zakir Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1522-8142","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Telecommunication Research and Innovation (CeTRI), Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Elektronik dan Komputer, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32589535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059087963","display_name":"S. M. Kayser Azam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Kayser Azam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6127-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081712083","display_name":"Aung Thiha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-6632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aung Thiha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-6632","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7844,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90978126,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"121570","last_page":"121585"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectenna","display_name":"Rectenna","score":0.9732893705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6985865831375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5768241286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.42057403922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.418495237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.41805386543273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.28591060638427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16883620619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09725040197372437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46526593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748579","display_name":"Rectenna","level":4,"score":0.9732893705368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6985865831375122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5768241286277771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.42057403922080994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.418495237827301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.41805386543273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.28591060638427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16883620619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09725040197372437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3452316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03ffed3adcb643959536936512d3ad5b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03ffed3adcb643959536936512d3ad5b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 121570-121585 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3452316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3452316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W606472541","https://openalex.org/W1981289394","https://openalex.org/W1986794470","https://openalex.org/W2042386897","https://openalex.org/W2053547134","https://openalex.org/W2094860990","https://openalex.org/W2103822450","https://openalex.org/W2111943187","https://openalex.org/W2117305317","https://openalex.org/W2118198953","https://openalex.org/W2119022236","https://openalex.org/W2135898767","https://openalex.org/W2136079458","https://openalex.org/W2148020016","https://openalex.org/W2151573821","https://openalex.org/W2277312781","https://openalex.org/W2289008728","https://openalex.org/W2398652830","https://openalex.org/W2417946797","https://openalex.org/W2471103752","https://openalex.org/W2501334343","https://openalex.org/W2532661841","https://openalex.org/W2542469560","https://openalex.org/W2626814575","https://openalex.org/W2648793147","https://openalex.org/W2725864138","https://openalex.org/W2791926605","https://openalex.org/W2795073596","https://openalex.org/W2905810565","https://openalex.org/W2944890528","https://openalex.org/W2946534905","https://openalex.org/W2982024049","https://openalex.org/W3025031317","https://openalex.org/W3040294499","https://openalex.org/W3044216569","https://openalex.org/W3044375077","https://openalex.org/W3094491272","https://openalex.org/W3107963783","https://openalex.org/W3110329718","https://openalex.org/W3121438705","https://openalex.org/W3128206764","https://openalex.org/W3134598083","https://openalex.org/W3165605975","https://openalex.org/W3169532396","https://openalex.org/W3201974540","https://openalex.org/W3213058712","https://openalex.org/W4205866191","https://openalex.org/W4243323783","https://openalex.org/W4248288458","https://openalex.org/W4293222282","https://openalex.org/W4323065919","https://openalex.org/W4367591700","https://openalex.org/W4378842340","https://openalex.org/W4378976176","https://openalex.org/W4379034167","https://openalex.org/W4379145253","https://openalex.org/W4383750480","https://openalex.org/W4387449150","https://openalex.org/W4390692179","https://openalex.org/W4392155575"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3088348807","https://openalex.org/W4382068713","https://openalex.org/W4224044593","https://openalex.org/W2442765164","https://openalex.org/W2162281836","https://openalex.org/W1632248661","https://openalex.org/W4311995948","https://openalex.org/W2469839271","https://openalex.org/W2934213798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,38,48,59,64,99,119,128],"low-cost":[4],"<inline-formula":[5,65,155,164,179,189,213,220,228],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[6,66,156,165,180,190,214,221,229],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[7,67,157,166,181,191,215,222,230],"<tex-math":[8,68,158,167,182,192,216,223,231],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2\\times":[9,159,168,183,193],"2$":[10,169,194],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[11,71,161,170,185,195],"metasurface-based":[12],"rectenna":[13,138,150,186,196,251],"array":[14,139,171,197],"operating":[15],"at":[16,236],"the":[17,54,83,87,133,136,141,147,246,249],"2.45":[18],"GHz":[19],"industrial,":[20],"scientific,":[21],"and":[22,86,93,109,140,163,188,206,227],"medical":[23,31],"(ISM)":[24],"band,":[25],"designed":[26],"to":[27,89],"power":[28,199,239],"low-power":[29,256],"wearable":[30],"sensors":[32],"(WMS).":[33],"The":[34,95,116,177,243],"proposed":[35,148,250],"antenna":[36,45,85,97],"is":[37,79],"novel":[39],"textile-based":[40],"metasurface":[41,61,88],"interlayer":[42],"patch":[43,84],"(meta-patch)":[44],"fabricated":[46,126],"on":[47,127],"felt":[49],"fabric":[50],"substrate,":[51],"which":[52],"replaces":[53],"conventional":[55],"ground":[56],"plane":[57],"with":[58,208],"grounded":[60],"consisting":[62],"of":[63,102,107,113,135,143,203,212,240,248],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$3\\times":[69],"3$":[70],"unit":[72],"cell":[73],"array.":[74],"A":[75],"single":[76],"excitation":[77],"port":[78],"used":[80],"for":[81,253],"both":[82],"improve":[90],"gain,":[91],"efficiency,":[92],"bandwidth.":[94],"meta-patch":[96,137,149],"achieved":[98,198],"high":[100],"gain":[101],"7":[103],"dB,":[104],"an":[105,110,237],"efficiency":[106],"77%,":[108],"enhanced":[111],"bandwidth":[112],"120":[114],"MHz.":[115],"rectifier":[117],"employs":[118],"seven-stage":[120],"Cockcroft-Walton":[121],"Voltage":[122],"Multiplier":[123],"(CWVM)":[124],"topology,":[125],"rigid":[129],"substrate.":[130],"To":[131],"evaluate":[132],"performance":[134],"effect":[142],"adding":[144],"more":[145],"elements,":[146],"was":[151],"tested":[152],"in":[153],"single-element,":[154,178],"1$":[160,184],"array,":[162,187],"configurations":[172],"under":[173],"continuous":[174],"RF":[175],"power.":[176],"conversion":[200],"efficiencies":[201],"(PCE)":[202],"52%,":[204],"53%,":[205],"56%,":[207],"DC":[209],"output":[210],"powers":[211],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$414~\\mu":[217],"$":[218,225,233],"</tex-math></inline-formula>W,":[219,226,234],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$429~\\mu":[224],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$450~\\mu":[232],"respectively,":[235],"input":[238],"-1":[241],"dBm.":[242],"results":[244],"demonstrate":[245],"potential":[247],"arrays":[252],"efficiently":[254],"energizing":[255],"WMS.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
