{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401748447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888","title":"Fast&amp;Focused-Net: Enhancing Small Object Encoding With VDP Layer in Deep Neural Networks","display_name":"Fast&amp;Focused-Net: Enhancing Small Object Encoding With VDP Layer in Deep Neural Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401748447","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3447888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103832002","display_name":"Tofik Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-3025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tofik Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-3025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036208317","display_name":"Partha Pratim Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-5254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Partha Pratim Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-5254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036975174","display_name":"Rajkumar Saini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-0895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190632392","display_name":"Lule\u00e5 University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016st3p78","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajkumar Saini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Electrical, and Space Engineering, Lule&#x00E5;University of Technology, Lule&#x00E5;, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-0895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Electrical, and Space Engineering, Lule&#x00E5;University of Technology, Lule&#x00E5;, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190632392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1833,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1976},"fwci":0.486,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59980626,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"130603","last_page":"130616"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.7675800323486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7656948566436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.7163935899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5985019207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5635313391685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4433259963989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.4117634892463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3200882077217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.10401058197021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07787534594535828}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.7675800323486328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7656948566436768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.7163935899734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5985019207000732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5635313391685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4433259963989258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.4117634892463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3200882077217102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.10401058197021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07787534594535828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3447888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:DiVA.org:ltu-110686","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-110686","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400653","display_name":"Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f40bf6d38824164905f8c4c0281125f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f40bf6d38824164905f8c4c0281125f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 130603-130616 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3447888","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3447888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1491389626","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2119144962","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2343052201","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2792885468","https://openalex.org/W2810983211","https://openalex.org/W2911586496","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2987999870","https://openalex.org/W2997749585","https://openalex.org/W3038964916","https://openalex.org/W3121523901","https://openalex.org/W3131500599","https://openalex.org/W3181186176","https://openalex.org/W3202415716","https://openalex.org/W3204479434","https://openalex.org/W3207012649","https://openalex.org/W3216083537","https://openalex.org/W4281991412","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4308235815","https://openalex.org/W4312777209","https://openalex.org/W4312879041","https://openalex.org/W4313156423","https://openalex.org/W4321011699","https://openalex.org/W4376864952","https://openalex.org/W4379261327","https://openalex.org/W4382202677","https://openalex.org/W4386076222","https://openalex.org/W4405784827","https://openalex.org/W6629590909","https://openalex.org/W6677580257","https://openalex.org/W6729983426","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6751325469","https://openalex.org/W6784333009","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6838949987","https://openalex.org/W6849565481","https://openalex.org/W6853204417","https://openalex.org/W6853398349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2912321008","https://openalex.org/W1998607122","https://openalex.org/W2324368075","https://openalex.org/W2972124131","https://openalex.org/W338149487","https://openalex.org/W4403012196","https://openalex.org/W2972032537","https://openalex.org/W150363521","https://openalex.org/W3154107650","https://openalex.org/W2613671004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,159],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"introduce":[4],"Fast&Focused-Net":[5],"(FFN),":[6],"a":[7,31,55,80,135,169],"novel":[8],"deep":[9],"neural":[10],"network":[11,140],"architecture":[12],"tailored":[13],"for":[14,82,144,177],"efficiently":[15,117],"encoding":[16],"small":[17,145],"objects":[18],"into":[19],"fixed-length":[20],"feature":[21,77],"vectors.":[22],"Contrary":[23],"to":[24,45,112],"conventional":[25],"Convolutional":[26],"Neural":[27],"Networks,":[28],"FFN":[29,133,173],"employs":[30],"series":[32],"of":[33,50,89,109,132,137,162],"our":[34],"newly":[35],"proposed":[36],"layer,":[37,43,105],"the":[38,70,86,107,119,130,160,185],"Volume-wise":[39],"Dot":[40],"Product":[41],"(VDP)":[42],"designed":[44],"address":[46],"several":[47],"inherent":[48],"limitations":[49],"CNNs.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"CNNs":[53,74],"exhibit":[54],"smaller":[56],"effective":[57],"receptive":[58],"field":[59],"(ERF)":[60],"than":[61],"their":[62,66],"theoretical":[63],"counterparts,":[64],"limiting":[65],"vision":[67],"span.":[68],"Additionally,":[69],"initial":[71],"layers":[72],"in":[73,92,134,191],"produce":[75],"low-dimensional":[76],"vectors,":[78],"presenting":[79],"bottleneck":[81],"subsequent":[83],"learning.":[84],"Lastly,":[85],"computational":[87],"overhead":[88],"CNNs,":[90],"particularly":[91],"capturing":[93],"diverse":[94],"image":[95,121,164],"regions":[96],"by":[97,116],"parameter":[98],"sharing,":[99],"is":[100],"significantly":[101],"high.":[102],"The":[103],"VDP":[104],"at":[106],"heart":[108],"FFN,":[110],"aims":[111],"remedy":[113],"these":[114],"issues":[115],"covering":[118],"entire":[120],"patch":[122],"information":[123],"with":[124,168],"reduced":[125],"computational.":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128,176],"demonstrate":[129],"prowess":[131],"variety":[136],"applications.":[138],"Our":[139],"outperformed":[141],"state-of-the-art":[142],"methods":[143],"object":[146],"classification":[147],"tasks":[148,194],"on":[149],"datasets":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152],"CIFAR-10,":[153],"CIFAR-100,":[154],"STL-10,":[155],"SVHN-Cropped,":[156],"and":[157,181,199],"Fashion-MNIST.":[158],"context":[161],"larger":[163],"classification,":[165],"when":[166],"combined":[167],"transformer":[170],"encoder":[171],"(ViT),":[172],"produced":[174],"competitive":[175],"OpenImages":[178],"V6,":[179],"ImageNet-1K,":[180],"Places365":[182],"datasets.":[183,201],"Moreover,":[184],"same":[186],"combination":[187],"showcased":[188],"unparalleled":[189],"performance":[190],"text":[192],"recognition":[193],"across":[195],"SVT,":[196],"IC15,":[197],"SVTP,":[198],"HOST":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-31T08:31:51.225901","created_date":"2024-08-23T00:00:00"}
