{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401870906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653","title":"Identifying and Understanding Student Dropouts Using Metaheuristic Optimized Classifiers and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Techniques","display_name":"Identifying and Understanding Student Dropouts Using Metaheuristic Optimized Classifiers and Explainable Artificial Intelligence Techniques","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401870906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3446653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106203833","display_name":"Goran Radic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7206-5810"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Radic Goran","raw_affiliation_strings":["ITS—Information Technology School, Comtrade Technology Center, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7206-5810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ITS—Information Technology School, Comtrade Technology Center, Belgrade, Zemun, Serbia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068911769","display_name":"Luka Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-7391"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170253739","display_name":"Singidunum University","ror":"https://ror.org/017v7rz39","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luka Jovanovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9402-7391","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064081550","display_name":"Neboj\u0161a Ba\u010danin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-924X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170253739","display_name":"Singidunum University","ror":"https://ror.org/017v7rz39","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nebojsa Bacanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2062-924X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055532417","display_name":"Milo\u0161 S. Stankovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9064-7059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170253739","display_name":"Singidunum University","ror":"https://ror.org/017v7rz39","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milo\u0161 S. Stankovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011658703","display_name":"Vladimir \u0160imi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-3744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4068193","display_name":"University of Belgrade","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsmb048","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Simic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-3744","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4068193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061798785","display_name":"Milo\u0161 Antonijevi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-2531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170253739","display_name":"Singidunum University","ror":"https://ror.org/017v7rz39","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milos Antonijevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5511-2531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072469505","display_name":"Miodrag \u017divkovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-068X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170253739","display_name":"Singidunum University","ror":"https://ror.org/017v7rz39","country_code":"RS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}],"countries":["RS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miodrag Zivkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4351-068X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Computing, Singidunum University, Belgrade, Serbia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170253739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98425762,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"122377","last_page":"122400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.9610999822616577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.7530232667922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7194386720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5840606093406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5643317699432373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.7530232667922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7194386720657349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5840606093406677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5643317699432373}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3446653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1a635cd5037846bba8ed1ed9afcd5b0d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1a635cd5037846bba8ed1ed9afcd5b0d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 122377-122400 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3446653","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3446653","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8853402681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"#7373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329307","funder_display_name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329307","display_name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1857789879","https://openalex.org/W1968969471","https://openalex.org/W2010334716","https://openalex.org/W2043845271","https://openalex.org/W2107131793","https://openalex.org/W2151554678","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2154943049","https://openalex.org/W2899861016","https://openalex.org/W2995653373","https://openalex.org/W3003555941","https://openalex.org/W3008773008","https://openalex.org/W3012145951","https://openalex.org/W3014421158","https://openalex.org/W3038433657","https://openalex.org/W3083112738","https://openalex.org/W3104621635","https://openalex.org/W3128478670","https://openalex.org/W3134993972","https://openalex.org/W3211784844","https://openalex.org/W3212797097","https://openalex.org/W3213316413","https://openalex.org/W4206157917","https://openalex.org/W4226072956","https://openalex.org/W4226499541","https://openalex.org/W4249545506","https://openalex.org/W4281770829","https://openalex.org/W4285265279","https://openalex.org/W4292242250","https://openalex.org/W4308509827","https://openalex.org/W4312090279","https://openalex.org/W4313049033","https://openalex.org/W4315481966","https://openalex.org/W4319457961","https://openalex.org/W4321599576","https://openalex.org/W4324376272","https://openalex.org/W4362640404","https://openalex.org/W4386453460","https://openalex.org/W4387731484","https://openalex.org/W4389236919","https://openalex.org/W4389486540","https://openalex.org/W4389775953","https://openalex.org/W4389917715","https://openalex.org/W4390481482","https://openalex.org/W4390841181","https://openalex.org/W4391554838","https://openalex.org/W4391750982","https://openalex.org/W4393346878","https://openalex.org/W4399647672","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6775189569"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,277],"study":[1,67,127,176],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,15,52,69,98,103,119,126,263,269,302],"pressing":[4],"issue":[5],"of":[6,17,71,107,112,124,147,153,237,243,307],"student":[7,39,89,205,298],"dropout":[8,26,56,90,108,173,206,275],"in":[9,110,139,235,284],"higher":[10,285,308],"education":[11,309],"institutions":[12,292],"and":[13,37,41,79,105,121,137,168,201,218,253,291,305],"explores":[14],"potential":[16],"artificial":[18],"intelligence":[19],"(AI)":[20],"to":[21,50,101,129,144,164,226,267,280,293],"mitigate":[22],"this":[23,66],"challenge.":[24],"Student":[25],"is":[27,48,100],"a":[28,150,240],"complex":[29],"phenomenon":[30],"influenced":[31],"by":[32,62,117],"diverse":[33],"factors,":[34],"including":[35],"internal":[36],"external,":[38],"characteristics":[40],"skills.":[42],"To":[43],"enhance":[44,102],"retention":[45],"strategies,":[46],"it":[47],"crucial":[49],"identify":[51,184,268],"nuanced":[53],"reasons":[54],"behind":[55],"decisions,":[57],"which":[58],"often":[59],"go":[60],"unnoticed":[61],"university":[63],"staff.":[64],"Therefore,":[65],"investigates":[68],"integration":[70],"metaheuristic":[72],"optimization":[73],"techniques":[74,261],"with":[75,199,203,214,221],"Adaptive":[76],"Boosting":[77,82],"(AdaBoost)":[78],"eXtreme":[80],"Gradient":[81],"(XGBoost)":[83],"machine":[84],"learning":[85],"(ML)":[86],"models":[87,170,181,266],"for":[88,171,190,289,297],"identification.":[91],"By":[92],"leveraging":[93],"these":[94],"well-known":[95],"ML":[96],"techniques,":[97],"goal":[99],"accuracy":[104,136],"reliability":[106],"predictions":[109],"terms":[111,236],"standard":[113],"classification":[114],"metrics.":[115],"Further,":[116],"harnessing":[118],"exploration":[120],"exploitation":[122],"capabilities":[123],"metaheuristics,":[125,149],"aims":[128],"fine-tune":[130],"both":[131,179],"models,":[132],"thereby":[133],"increasing":[134],"their":[135],"robustness":[138],"identifying":[140],"at-risk":[141,185],"students.":[142],"Additionally,":[143],"address":[145],"limitations":[146],"existing":[148],"modified":[151],"version":[152],"recently":[154],"proposed":[155,229],"Sinh":[156],"Cosh":[157],"Optimizer":[158],"(SCHO)":[159],"was":[160,246],"developed,":[161],"that":[162,178,271],"manages":[163],"generate":[165],"well-performing":[166],"XGBoost":[167],"AdaBoost":[169],"students":[172],"prediction.":[174],"The":[175],"demonstrates":[177],"tuned":[180],"can":[182],"effectively":[183],"students,":[186],"providing":[187,287],"valuable":[188],"insights":[189,288],"targeted":[191,295],"educational":[192],"support":[193],"initiatives.":[194],"Three":[195],"experimental":[196,227],"evaluations,":[197],"two":[198],"binary":[200],"one":[202],"multi-class":[204],"classification,":[207],"are":[208],"conducted":[209],"on":[210,262],"real-world":[211],"datasets":[212],"along":[213],"rigid":[215],"comparative":[216],"analysis":[217,242],"statistical":[219],"validation":[220],"other":[222,233],"cutting-edge":[223],"metaheuristics.":[224],"According":[225],"outcomes,":[228],"methodology":[230],"outscores":[231],"significantly":[232,273],"approaches":[234],"performance.":[238],"Finally,":[239],"comprehensive":[241],"influential":[244],"factors":[245,270],"performed":[247],"using":[248],"SHapley":[249],"Additive":[250,255],"exPlanations":[251],"(SHAP)":[252],"Shapley":[254],"Global":[256],"importancE":[257],"(SAGE)":[258],"explainable":[259],"AI":[260,282],"best":[264],"generated":[265],"most":[272],"influence":[274],"decisions.":[276],"work":[278],"contributes":[279],"advancing":[281],"applications":[283],"education,":[286],"policymakers":[290],"design":[294],"interventions":[296],"retention,":[299],"ultimately":[300],"enhancing":[301],"overall":[303],"success":[304],"effectiveness":[306],"systems.":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}