{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401537005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075","title":"Conformal Millimeter-Wave Non-Uniform Dipole Array With Improved Gain and Bandwidth","display_name":"Conformal Millimeter-Wave Non-Uniform Dipole Array With Improved Gain and Bandwidth","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401537005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3443075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060980173","display_name":"Qasid Hussain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qasid Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084638091","display_name":"Wahaj Abbas Awan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-4211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wahaj Abbas Awan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025061867","display_name":"Md. Abu Sufian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Abu Sufian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-6551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074454202","display_name":"Domin Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domin Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029362407","display_name":"Niamat Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9730-4622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niamat Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9730-4622","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112022271","display_name":"Sang\u2010Keun Gil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16764540","display_name":"University of Suwon","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysk5e42","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16764540"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Keun Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong, Gyeonggi, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16764540"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083210688","display_name":"Nam Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nam Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.16,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9374457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"113036","last_page":"113048"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6151341199874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-map","display_name":"Conformal map","score":0.5983930826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5658517479896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-antenna","display_name":"Dipole antenna","score":0.47133898735046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.46707776188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole","display_name":"Dipole","score":0.460529625415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.43465322256088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.36389124393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.324637770652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31380635499954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23842066526412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-antenna","display_name":"Slot antenna","score":0.09289199113845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0713200569152832}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6151341199874878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98214594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850275","display_name":"Conformal map","level":2,"score":0.5983930826187134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5658517479896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113145756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126859","display_name":"Dipole antenna","level":3,"score":0.47133898735046387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.46707776188850403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.460529625415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.43465322256088257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.36389124393463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.324637770652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31380635499954224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23842066526412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109026120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369099","display_name":"Slot antenna","level":4,"score":0.09289199113845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0713200569152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3443075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5bd6d7ad043541f1ad48134f51c0dd27","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5bd6d7ad043541f1ad48134f51c0dd27","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 113036-113048 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3443075","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3443075","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7400000095367432}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W876816837","https://openalex.org/W1965390955","https://openalex.org/W1967342452","https://openalex.org/W2017496272","https://openalex.org/W2038346427","https://openalex.org/W2048512714","https://openalex.org/W2177423987","https://openalex.org/W2318544857","https://openalex.org/W2550927297","https://openalex.org/W2724875187","https://openalex.org/W2754031235","https://openalex.org/W2766660254","https://openalex.org/W2768121107","https://openalex.org/W2802669821","https://openalex.org/W2888684617","https://openalex.org/W2930365201","https://openalex.org/W3000135124","https://openalex.org/W3015729431","https://openalex.org/W3196720397","https://openalex.org/W4206588471","https://openalex.org/W4211054133","https://openalex.org/W4213143281","https://openalex.org/W4285211539","https://openalex.org/W4292825931","https://openalex.org/W4293498990","https://openalex.org/W4303183426","https://openalex.org/W4308527118","https://openalex.org/W4311714620","https://openalex.org/W4362735302","https://openalex.org/W4366779500","https://openalex.org/W4387917755","https://openalex.org/W4390510052","https://openalex.org/W4392987213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2474902756","https://openalex.org/W2010928363","https://openalex.org/W2143739689","https://openalex.org/W2910210765","https://openalex.org/W2415556442","https://openalex.org/W2391615873","https://openalex.org/W151962976","https://openalex.org/W2978261232","https://openalex.org/W2044486817","https://openalex.org/W3131354450"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,38,90,123,140],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"a":[3,34,55,64,71,166,215,241],"conformal":[4,237],"millimeter-wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"meander":[7,45],"dipole":[8,106,121],"array":[9,58,73,107],"antenna":[10,19,144],"that":[11],"provides":[12],"end-fire":[13],"radiation":[14,207],"with":[15,208,214,246],"improved":[16,109],"performance.":[17],"offers":[20,240],"various":[21,148],"benefits":[22],"including":[23],"high":[24],"gain,":[25],"wider":[26],"bandwidth,":[27],"low":[28,216],"side":[29],"lobe":[30],"level":[31],"(SLL),":[32],"and":[33,78,97,112,131,147,178,223,256],"simple":[35],"feeding":[36],"structure.":[37],"design":[39],"comprises":[40],"of":[41,51,59,80,101,142,150,158,183,193,218,233],"microstrip":[42],"fed":[43],"eight":[44],"dipoles,":[46],"printed":[47],"on":[48],"both":[49,254],"sides":[50],"the":[52,76,81,102,118,132,143,151,201,227,230],"substrate.":[53],"Initially,":[54],"conventional":[56],"uniform":[57],"8-elements":[60],"is":[61,67,108,125,135,145,163,211],"designed":[62],"as":[63,244],"reference,":[65],"which":[66,249],"then":[68],"converted":[69],"into":[70],"non-uniform":[72],"by":[74,128,137,156],"reducing":[75],"length":[77],"spacing":[79],"dipoles":[82,185],"in":[83,221,226,253],"an":[84],"arithmetic":[85],"sequence":[86],"for":[87],"performance":[88,210],"improvement.":[89],"operational":[91],"bandwidth":[92,100,169,199],"($\\vert":[93],"$S$11\\vert":[94],"\\lt":[95],"-10$dB)":[96],"3-dB":[98],"gain":[99,124,189,202],"presented":[103],"mmWave":[104],"non-unfirm":[105],"97.79":[110],"%,":[111,114],"48.14":[113],"respectively,":[115],"compared":[116,245],"to":[117],"traditional":[119],"eight-element":[120],"array.":[122],"also":[126,186,239],"increased":[127],"2.1":[129],"dBi,":[130],"average":[133],"SLL":[134,217],"reduced":[136],"17.2":[138],"dB.":[139],"prototype":[141],"fabricated,":[146],"results":[149],"proposed":[152],"work":[153],"are":[154],"verified":[155],"means":[157],"measurements.":[159],"A":[160],"strong":[161],"comparison":[162],"observed":[164,212],"having":[165,196],"wide":[167],"impedance":[168],"ranging":[170],"from":[171],"22.9\u201365.1":[172],"GHz":[173],"(146.75":[174],"%)":[175],"covering":[176],"Ka-":[177],"U-band":[179],"applications.":[180],"This":[181],"arrangement":[182],"folded":[184],"enabled":[187],"smooth":[188],"characteristic":[190],"(peak":[191],"value":[192],"10.4":[194],"dBi),":[195],"97.10":[197],"%":[198],"where":[200],"variation":[203],"is$\\pm":[204],"~3$dBi.":[205],"End-fire":[206],"stable":[209,242],"along":[213],"\u221218.6":[219],"dB":[220,225],"E-plane":[222],"\u221223.5":[224],"H-plane,":[228],"at":[229],"central":[231],"frequency":[232],"28":[234],"GHz.":[235],"Moreover,":[236],"analysis":[238],"result":[243],"flat":[247],"scenarios":[248],"demonstrates":[250],"its":[251],"suitability":[252],"rigid":[255],"flexible":[257],"electronic":[258],"communication":[259],"systems.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}