{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401327937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106","title":"A Noise Invariant Method for Bearing Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Adapted Local Binary Pattern (ALBP) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)","display_name":"A Noise Invariant Method for Bearing Fault Detection and Diagnosis Using Adapted Local Binary Pattern (ALBP) and Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401327937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3438106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037849426","display_name":"Hosna Geraei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3974-6294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hosna Geraei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3974-6294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042540135","display_name":"Edgar Armando Vazquez Rodriguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-1498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Armando Vazquez Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-1498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106309751","display_name":"Ehsan Majma","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Majma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064349407","display_name":"Saeid Habibi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7892-9889"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeid Habibi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110096866","display_name":"Dhafar Al-Ani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dhafar Al-Ani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.4477,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98280359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"107247","last_page":"107260"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6741359233856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.6677812337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6076427102088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.6055022478103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5932369828224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5324346423149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5106967091560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/short-time-fourier-transform","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","score":0.4612814784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.31081467866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20152413845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.12052136659622192}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6741359233856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.6677812337875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6076427102088928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.6055022478103638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5932369828224182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5324346423149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5106967091560364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166386157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477735","display_name":"Short-time Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.4612814784049988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.31081467866897583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20152413845062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.12052136659622192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3438106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77e3da354f004b919bad1e2a7a7d4996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77e3da354f004b919bad1e2a7a7d4996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 107247-107260 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3438106","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3438106","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016324154","https://openalex.org/W2073411703","https://openalex.org/W2093531471","https://openalex.org/W2108923552","https://openalex.org/W2120847449","https://openalex.org/W2132265582","https://openalex.org/W2140336071","https://openalex.org/W2140770231","https://openalex.org/W2146193831","https://openalex.org/W2147141800","https://openalex.org/W2149823865","https://openalex.org/W2241702362","https://openalex.org/W2462792485","https://openalex.org/W2567407101","https://openalex.org/W2614556125","https://openalex.org/W2761406536","https://openalex.org/W2890142594","https://openalex.org/W2900935771","https://openalex.org/W2931331224","https://openalex.org/W2941870486","https://openalex.org/W2945244602","https://openalex.org/W2950114214","https://openalex.org/W2956467153","https://openalex.org/W2961638199","https://openalex.org/W2970706158","https://openalex.org/W2973424371","https://openalex.org/W2994928929","https://openalex.org/W3007901506","https://openalex.org/W3012303414","https://openalex.org/W3013120195","https://openalex.org/W3018957240","https://openalex.org/W3022465816","https://openalex.org/W3022604663","https://openalex.org/W3035330751","https://openalex.org/W3037775225","https://openalex.org/W3045503925","https://openalex.org/W3045546070","https://openalex.org/W3107232660","https://openalex.org/W3119295557","https://openalex.org/W3119615519","https://openalex.org/W3134715455","https://openalex.org/W3196252426","https://openalex.org/W4285159403","https://openalex.org/W4292321560","https://openalex.org/W4313260763","https://openalex.org/W4321483989","https://openalex.org/W4380882128","https://openalex.org/W4392939798","https://openalex.org/W4393171344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2794489335","https://openalex.org/W2080437822","https://openalex.org/W2153027217","https://openalex.org/W2855870609","https://openalex.org/W4383117988","https://openalex.org/W4225639054","https://openalex.org/W1967434260"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,154],"study":[1,142],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,44,75,85,131,180],"new":[4],"method":[5,27],"for":[6,112,202],"bearing":[7,101,135],"Fault":[8],"Detection":[9],"and":[10,30,43,67,91,99,106,117,146,163],"Diagnosis":[11],"(FDD)":[12],"in":[13,134],"Belt":[14],"Starter":[15],"Generators":[16],"(BSGs)":[17],"using":[18,84],"vibration":[19,81],"signals.":[20],"The":[21,71,94],"Adapted":[22],"Local":[23,38],"Binary":[24,39],"Pattern":[25,40],"(ALBP)":[26],"is":[28,33,96,143],"introduced,":[29],"its":[31],"performance":[32,210],"compared":[34,199],"to":[35,128,186,200],"the":[36,68,144,149,157,167,203,208],"conventional":[37],"(LBP)":[41],"technique":[42],"Convolutional":[45],"Neural":[46],"Network":[47],"with":[48,80],"Support":[49],"Vector":[50],"Machine":[51],"(CNN-SVM)":[52],"model.":[53,70],"Significantly,":[54],"ALBP":[55,121,191],"demonstrates":[56],"superior":[57,209],"accuracy":[58,124,178,196],"without":[59],"significantly":[60],"increasing":[61],"computational":[62],"complexity,":[63],"outperforming":[64],"both":[65],"LBP":[66],"CNN-SVM":[69,204],"experimental":[72],"setup":[73],"involves":[74],"Specialty":[76],"Motor":[77],"Testing":[78],"system,":[79],"data":[82,161,170,183],"collected":[83],"single":[86],"accelerometer":[87],"under":[88,108],"specific":[89],"speed":[90],"torque":[92],"conditions.":[93],"focus":[95],"on":[97,151,179],"detecting":[98],"diagnosing":[100],"faults,":[102],"such":[103],"as":[104],"lubrication":[105],"contamination,":[107],"various":[109],"test":[110],"conditions":[111],"Original":[113],"Equipment":[114],"Manufacturer":[115],"(OEM)":[116],"After-Market":[118],"(AM)":[119],"bearings.":[120],"achieves":[122,192],"diagnostic":[123],"ranging":[125],"from":[126],"99%":[127],"99.8%,":[129],"representing":[130],"significant":[132],"advancement":[133],"FDD.":[136],"Another":[137],"novel":[138],"aspect":[139],"of":[140,148,182,197,211],"this":[141],"training":[145],"testing":[147],"model":[150],"separate":[152],"days.":[153],"approach":[155],"ensures":[156],"model\u2019s":[158],"robustness":[159],"against":[160],"variability":[162],"domain":[164],"shifts,":[165],"unlike":[166],"traditional":[168],"random":[169],"splitting":[171],"method,":[172],"which":[173],"can":[174],"yield":[175],"misleadingly":[176],"high":[177],"portion":[181],"but":[184],"fails":[185],"generalize.":[187],"Results":[188],"show":[189],"that":[190],"an":[193],"average":[194],"diagnosis":[195],"99.4%,":[198],"80%":[201],"model,":[205],"further":[206],"highlighting":[207],"ALBP.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}