{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401113468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961","title":"Aeroelastic Tailoring Framework of Pazy Wing With Variable Stiffness of Composites Spar","display_name":"Aeroelastic Tailoring Framework of Pazy Wing With Variable Stiffness of Composites Spar","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401113468","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048610951","display_name":"Ahsan Ayaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-433X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahsan Ayaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0199-433X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045163892","display_name":"Iqbal Rasool Memon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8776-2695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqbal Rasool Memon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8776-2695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077359878","display_name":"Fahad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0785-0281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085140672","display_name":"Sheharyar Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6229-9576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheharyar Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Aircraft Maintenance Technology, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Aircraft Maintenance Technology, Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049903935","display_name":"Umer Hameed Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-0447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Hameed Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9128-0447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence Research Center, College of Engineering and Information Technology, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008804848","display_name":"Usman Ghafoor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-4002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Ghafoor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Operations and Supply Chain, NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5464-4002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Operations and Supply Chain, NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002232568","display_name":"Muhammad Umer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-8580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Umer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4352-8580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046896178","display_name":"Usama Waleed Qazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-3731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197827452","display_name":"Institute of Space Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01tmmzv45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usama Waleed Qazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3027-3731","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197827452"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.325,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90876066,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"106042","last_page":"106055"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11096","display_name":"Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11096","display_name":"Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12081","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Fluid Dynamics Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10221","display_name":"Composite Structure Analysis and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeroelasticity","display_name":"Aeroelasticity","score":0.8796933889389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flutter","display_name":"Flutter","score":0.7154251337051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.649263322353363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.6221136450767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spar","display_name":"Spar","score":0.5457831621170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.5298423767089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parametric-statistics","display_name":"Parametric statistics","score":0.5096771717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.492738276720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2607584595680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.19796934723854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13349542021751404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117185709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381448","display_name":"Aeroelasticity","level":3,"score":0.8796933889389038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13417156","display_name":"Flutter","level":3,"score":0.7154251337051392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.649263322353363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.6221136450767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776698545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374641","display_name":"Spar","level":2,"score":0.5457831621170044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.5298423767089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117251300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849855","display_name":"Parametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.5096771717071533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.492738276720047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2607584595680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.19796934723854065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13349542021751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0371d9d647e14df3b120abe711321f87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0371d9d647e14df3b120abe711321f87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 106042-106055 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90176136","https://openalex.org/W1999210942","https://openalex.org/W2087489917","https://openalex.org/W2332781086","https://openalex.org/W2763960884","https://openalex.org/W2893536460","https://openalex.org/W2898759017","https://openalex.org/W2899469439","https://openalex.org/W2900030759","https://openalex.org/W2901052108","https://openalex.org/W2917959873","https://openalex.org/W2924623441","https://openalex.org/W2945129832","https://openalex.org/W2966311729","https://openalex.org/W2988352145","https://openalex.org/W2996889326","https://openalex.org/W2998787782","https://openalex.org/W3088435224","https://openalex.org/W3111826560","https://openalex.org/W3118924545","https://openalex.org/W3119354765","https://openalex.org/W3119471463","https://openalex.org/W3128842525","https://openalex.org/W3164431610","https://openalex.org/W3179808148","https://openalex.org/W3185459377","https://openalex.org/W3192746392","https://openalex.org/W3206665330","https://openalex.org/W4200570950","https://openalex.org/W4205771239","https://openalex.org/W4206517591","https://openalex.org/W4206671893","https://openalex.org/W4220809258","https://openalex.org/W4223967849","https://openalex.org/W4224030286","https://openalex.org/W4225001947","https://openalex.org/W4226410280","https://openalex.org/W4283265687","https://openalex.org/W4283380524","https://openalex.org/W4289313237","https://openalex.org/W4307729005","https://openalex.org/W4313307247","https://openalex.org/W4320809789","https://openalex.org/W4388543865","https://openalex.org/W6794531693"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3216700967","https://openalex.org/W2493526061","https://openalex.org/W1574309049","https://openalex.org/W4293235604","https://openalex.org/W2273000509","https://openalex.org/W2552097097","https://openalex.org/W2384383215","https://openalex.org/W855124450","https://openalex.org/W1972980746","https://openalex.org/W4225289276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Top":[0],"speed":[1,206,241],"of":[2,12,32,105,172,181,184,203,210,220,227],"an":[3,102,168],"aircraft":[4],"is":[5,230,242],"limited":[6],"by":[7,77,232,244],"the":[8,74,133,142,152,179,188,201,208,221,228],"stiffness":[9,30],"and":[10,24,84,129,239,246],"damping":[11],"a":[13,40,67,79,91,95,159],"structure":[14],"which":[15],"are":[16,47],"contributing":[17],"to":[18,118,158,235],"aeroelastic":[19,45,86,215,222],"response":[20],"such":[21,124],"as":[22,125],"divergence":[23,205,238],"flutter,":[25],"respectively.":[26,248],"This":[27,71,88],"study":[28],"explores":[29],"tailoring":[31,223],"Carbon":[33],"Fiber":[34],"Reinforced":[35],"Polymer":[36],"(CFRP)":[37],"spars":[38],"using":[39],"proposed":[41],"bi-level":[42,80,148],"framework.":[43],"Frequency-based":[44],"approaches":[46],"fast":[48],"but":[49,65],"less":[50],"accurate":[51,85],"for":[52,82,114,137,213],"highly":[53],"flexible":[54,115],"structures,":[55],"while":[56,166],"time-based":[57],"methods":[58],"utilizing":[59],"Fluid-Structure":[60],"Interaction":[61],"offer":[62],"high":[63],"accuracy":[64],"at":[66,200],"significant":[68],"computational":[69,75,153],"cost.":[70],"work":[72,177],"addresses":[73],"challenge":[76],"proposing":[78],"framework":[81,89,134],"efficient":[83],"analysis.":[87],"employs":[90],"two-step":[92],"process:":[93],"Initially,":[94],"frequency-based":[96],"approach":[97,149],"in":[98,120],"MSC":[99],"NASTRAN":[100],"provides":[101],"initial":[103],"prediction":[104],"critical":[106],"velocities.":[107,145],"However,":[108],"this":[109,147,176],"method":[110],"can":[111,150],"be":[112],"over-conservative":[113],"structures":[116],"due":[117],"limitations":[119],"capturing":[121],"non-linear":[122],"aerodynamics":[123],"wake,":[126],"viscous":[127],"effects":[128],"induced":[130],"drag.":[131],"Subsequently,":[132],"utilizes":[135],"ANSYS":[136],"more":[138],"detailed":[139],"analysis":[140,161],"beyond":[141],"earlier":[143],"predicted":[144],"Essentially,":[146],"reduce":[151],"cost":[154],"upto":[155],"60%":[156],"compared":[157,234],"full-time-based":[160],"depending":[162],"upon":[163],"flight":[164],"envelope,":[165],"maintaining":[167],"acceptable":[169],"error":[170],"margin":[171],"within":[173],"5%.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175],"investigates":[178],"impact":[180],"parametric":[182],"optimization":[183],"stacking":[185],"sequence":[186],"on":[187],"CFRP":[189],"spar.":[190],"While":[191],"maximizing":[192],"shear":[193],"modulus":[194],"increases":[195],"flutter":[196,240],"speed,":[197],"it":[198],"comes":[199],"expense":[202],"decreased":[204],"highlighting":[207],"importance":[209],"design":[211],"trade-offs":[212],"improved":[214],"performance.":[216],"In":[217],"conclusion,":[218],"results":[219],"showed":[224],"that":[225],"mass":[226],"wing":[229],"reduced":[231],"17.7%":[233],"baseline":[236],"whereas":[237],"increased":[243],"10":[245],"22.8%,":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}