{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401113828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948","title":"Enhancing Coronary Artery Disease Prognosis: A Novel Dual-Class Boosted Decision Trees Strategy for Robust Optimization","display_name":"Enhancing Coronary Artery Disease Prognosis: A Novel Dual-Class Boosted Decision Trees Strategy for Robust Optimization","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401113828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055052519","display_name":"Tariq Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-7756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5100685","display_name":"University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/052z7nw84","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5100685"]}],"countries":["PK","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Faculty of Information Sciences, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4299-7756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Sciences, University of Education, Vehari Campus, Vehari, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5100685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062125413","display_name":"Amjad Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-2655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amjad Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-2655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018549351","display_name":"Tanzila Saba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanzila Saba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3138-3801","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics (AIDA) Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Science (CCIS), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041891989","display_name":"Tahani Jaser Alahmadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0067-692X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahani Jaser Alahmadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0067-692X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box, 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792062","display_name":"Muhammad Tufail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-7216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32401161","display_name":"Gandhara University","ror":"https://ror.org/05snv9327","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32401161"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tufail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Government Post Graduate College Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Government Post Graduate College Nowshera, Nowshera, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32401161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077942586","display_name":"Saeed Ali Bahaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Ali Omer Bahaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4320","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIS Department, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007752686","display_name":"Zohaib Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4090-949X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105419","display_name":"Lahore Garrison University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j4ba358","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zohaib Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Criminology and Forensics Sciences, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology and Forensics Sciences, Lahore Garrison University, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105419"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055052519"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983","https://openalex.org/I5100685"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.2311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98144272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"107119","last_page":"107143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11396","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3605","display_name":"Health Information Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12935","display_name":"Healthcare Systems and Public Health","score":0.9330999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.708547055721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6470075249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","score":0.5632151365280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5533716678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logistic-regression","display_name":"Logistic regression","score":0.5436354279518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5382506847381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5222461819648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4518905282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.4387323558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4226910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.23843607306480408}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.708547055721283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6470075249671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.5632151365280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5533716678619385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5436354279518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5382506847381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5222461819648743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4518905282020569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4387323558330536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4226910471916199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23843607306480408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:900b90a99772454ba263c547fdaa11de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/900b90a99772454ba263c547fdaa11de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 107119-107143 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3435948","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3435948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007720112","https://openalex.org/W2024305570","https://openalex.org/W2035510150","https://openalex.org/W2042416244","https://openalex.org/W2140947142","https://openalex.org/W2583008148","https://openalex.org/W2594830684","https://openalex.org/W2613408503","https://openalex.org/W2613426128","https://openalex.org/W2752112201","https://openalex.org/W2757101026","https://openalex.org/W2763350515","https://openalex.org/W2766447205","https://openalex.org/W2767076830","https://openalex.org/W2772392741","https://openalex.org/W2791750046","https://openalex.org/W2793602707","https://openalex.org/W2808379857","https://openalex.org/W2891567266","https://openalex.org/W2915053252","https://openalex.org/W2949767632","https://openalex.org/W2954507261","https://openalex.org/W2967912576","https://openalex.org/W2971014185","https://openalex.org/W2991751580","https://openalex.org/W3000579245","https://openalex.org/W3003299879","https://openalex.org/W3005147719","https://openalex.org/W3008233702","https://openalex.org/W3012570809","https://openalex.org/W3026299583","https://openalex.org/W3082413459","https://openalex.org/W3083483148","https://openalex.org/W3086895959","https://openalex.org/W3092745004","https://openalex.org/W3097621714","https://openalex.org/W3102076866","https://openalex.org/W3122226502","https://openalex.org/W3125993698","https://openalex.org/W3132330016","https://openalex.org/W3134840015","https://openalex.org/W3165801113","https://openalex.org/W3174541695","https://openalex.org/W3193254256","https://openalex.org/W3206633879","https://openalex.org/W4210253752","https://openalex.org/W4226330107","https://openalex.org/W4226487982","https://openalex.org/W4251760621","https://openalex.org/W4281795648","https://openalex.org/W4282550463","https://openalex.org/W4285041676","https://openalex.org/W4285821496","https://openalex.org/W4293087678","https://openalex.org/W4300689763","https://openalex.org/W4309046344","https://openalex.org/W4310496924","https://openalex.org/W4313488809","https://openalex.org/W4313645707","https://openalex.org/W4317434425","https://openalex.org/W4319158272","https://openalex.org/W4322501840","https://openalex.org/W4323039248","https://openalex.org/W4323644141","https://openalex.org/W4323840387","https://openalex.org/W4361298490","https://openalex.org/W4364361247","https://openalex.org/W4367011801","https://openalex.org/W4377987233","https://openalex.org/W4380358573","https://openalex.org/W4380785931","https://openalex.org/W4381955066","https://openalex.org/W4383501995","https://openalex.org/W4385416459","https://openalex.org/W4385582179","https://openalex.org/W4386530437","https://openalex.org/W4386760978","https://openalex.org/W4387385172","https://openalex.org/W4387843610","https://openalex.org/W4387978438","https://openalex.org/W4389976294","https://openalex.org/W4390640200","https://openalex.org/W4391868137","https://openalex.org/W4399020286","https://openalex.org/W6783852812","https://openalex.org/W6791122433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2129863591","https://openalex.org/W1596769710","https://openalex.org/W2923497059","https://openalex.org/W2978363435","https://openalex.org/W4394896199","https://openalex.org/W3217448422","https://openalex.org/W2351279712","https://openalex.org/W1548888553","https://openalex.org/W2908249560","https://openalex.org/W4367335967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,196],"rise":[1],"in":[2,76,83,159,166,174,207],"stable":[3],"coronary":[4,100],"artery":[5],"disease":[6,102,254],"(CAD)":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,30,42,74,80,97,232,252],"improved":[10],"survival":[11],"rates":[12],"and":[13,32,44,57,70,94,105,130,182,192,210,219,229,237,256,260],"population":[14],"growth":[15],"has":[16],"increased":[17],"patient":[18,187],"numbers,":[19],"straining":[20],"healthcare":[21,262],"systems.":[22],"Machine":[23],"learning":[24],"(ML)":[25],"models":[26,47,65,87,112,206,222,251],"are":[27,62],"being":[28],"developed":[29],"predict":[31,49,99,234],"identify":[33],"individual":[34],"risk":[35],"factors":[36,96,231],"for":[37,171],"early":[38,77],"treatment,":[39],"reducing":[40,193],"harm":[41],"individuals":[43],"families.":[45],"These":[46],"can":[48],"hospitalizations,":[50],"enable":[51],"close":[52],"monitoring":[53,161],"of":[54,154,202,239,249],"high-risk":[55],"patients,":[56],"optimize":[58],"medical":[59,89,224],"care.":[60],"Researchers":[61],"developing":[63],"robust":[64],"based":[66,113,185],"on":[67,114,186,214],"ML":[68,86,205],"algorithms":[69],"real-world":[71],"clinical":[72],"data":[73],"aid":[75],"detection,":[78],"contributing":[79],"AI":[81],"research":[82,108,242],"healthcare.":[84],"Advanced":[85],"analyze":[88,223],"imaging,":[90,225],"genetic":[91,226],"markers,":[92,169,227],"lifestyle,":[93,228],"environmental":[95,230],"accurately":[98,233],"heart":[101],"(CHD)":[103],"start":[104],"progression.":[106],"Our":[107,136],"introduces":[109],"four":[110],"novel":[111],"two-class":[115,120,125,131,142],"Logistic":[116],"Regression":[117],"(two-class":[118,123,128,134],"LR),":[119],"Neural":[121],"Network":[122],"NN),":[124],"Decision":[126],"Jungle":[127],"DJ),":[129],"Boosted":[132,143],"DT":[133,144],"BDT).":[135],"comparative":[137],"analysis":[138],"reveals":[139,198],"that":[140],"the":[141,147,199,235,247],"model":[145,157],"is":[146],"most":[148],"effective,":[149],"achieving":[150],"an":[151],"AUC":[152],"score":[153],"0.991.":[155],"This":[156,241],"excels":[158],"real-time":[160],"by":[162],"predicting":[163],"minor":[164],"changes":[165],"patient\u2019s":[167],"health":[168],"allowing":[170],"timely":[172,261],"adjustments":[173],"treatment":[175],"plans.":[176],"It":[177],"optimizes":[178],"medication":[179],"selection,":[180,216],"dosing,":[181],"intervention":[183],"timing":[184],"characteristics,":[188],"improving":[189],"therapeutic":[190],"efficacy":[191],"side":[194],"effects.":[195],"study":[197],"transformative":[200],"potential":[201],"these":[203,250],"advanced":[204],"CAD":[208],"prediction":[209],"management.":[211],"By":[212],"focusing":[213],"feature":[215],"algorithm":[217],"improvement,":[218],"integration,":[220],"our":[221],"onset":[236],"progression":[238],"CHD.":[240],"proposes":[243],"valuable":[244],"insights":[245],"into":[246],"capabilities":[248],"revolutionize":[253],"detection":[255],"management,":[257],"ensuring":[258],"reliable":[259],"interventions":[263],"across":[264],"various":[265],"datasets.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-25T08:39:21.599409","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}