{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401069942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621","title":"Improved Q-Learning Algorithm Based on Flower Pollination Algorithm and Tabulation Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning","display_name":"Improved Q-Learning Algorithm Based on Flower Pollination Algorithm and Tabulation Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Path Planning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401069942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110368871","display_name":"Lan Bo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Bo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068550463","display_name":"Tiezhu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6692-5207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiezhu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7536-9658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7536-9658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028927475","display_name":"Jian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7934-488X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928406","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8227-2477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101834089","display_name":"Caihong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4508-0270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caihong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681152","display_name":"Mingjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9907-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108688024","display_name":"Qingdao University","ror":"https://ror.org/021cj6z65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108688024"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.6568,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91127029,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"104429","last_page":"104444"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.7687187790870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.7491574287414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.706558108329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.693510890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initialization","display_name":"Initialization","score":0.6168537735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.5992680191993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.5710337162017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.5329225063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5301267504692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4163377285003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40689051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.17966124415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.10810282826423645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.7687187790870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.7491574287414551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.706558108329773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.693510890007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114466953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6034165","display_name":"Initialization","level":2,"score":0.6168537735939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5992680191993713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.5710337162017822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5329225063323975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5301267504692078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4163377285003662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40689051151275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.17966124415397644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.10810282826423645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c03a50f15ebc4268bb2b7a19841d248e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c03a50f15ebc4268bb2b7a19841d248e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 104429-104444 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434621","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434621","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3325323299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075278","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606402766","https://openalex.org/W1970276631","https://openalex.org/W1985909991","https://openalex.org/W1997880753","https://openalex.org/W2030191131","https://openalex.org/W2041176007","https://openalex.org/W2071065188","https://openalex.org/W2140085786","https://openalex.org/W2413992829","https://openalex.org/W2556672881","https://openalex.org/W2618275389","https://openalex.org/W2888116234","https://openalex.org/W2896967075","https://openalex.org/W2905075615","https://openalex.org/W2907382309","https://openalex.org/W2917089854","https://openalex.org/W2921086987","https://openalex.org/W2964884740","https://openalex.org/W2971481292","https://openalex.org/W2981729160","https://openalex.org/W3013845303","https://openalex.org/W3033271745","https://openalex.org/W3040669448","https://openalex.org/W3047616672","https://openalex.org/W3100933494","https://openalex.org/W3114704073","https://openalex.org/W3135217681","https://openalex.org/W3137275038","https://openalex.org/W3169653155","https://openalex.org/W3174337303","https://openalex.org/W3193878267","https://openalex.org/W3208040612","https://openalex.org/W4304891008","https://openalex.org/W4308310328","https://openalex.org/W4311425192","https://openalex.org/W4312467624","https://openalex.org/W4313216672","https://openalex.org/W4313245126","https://openalex.org/W4318774963","https://openalex.org/W4328103195","https://openalex.org/W4353095477","https://openalex.org/W4381432381","https://openalex.org/W4381433906","https://openalex.org/W4387477050","https://openalex.org/W4389459319","https://openalex.org/W6922480057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2930076404","https://openalex.org/W4253519380","https://openalex.org/W2071957557","https://openalex.org/W2596413128","https://openalex.org/W4391249562","https://openalex.org/W2356867392","https://openalex.org/W2782776446","https://openalex.org/W3043170174","https://openalex.org/W2155948905","https://openalex.org/W4380590094"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Planning":[0],"a":[1,58,114],"path":[2,90,130],"is":[3,81],"crucial":[4],"for":[5],"safe":[6],"and":[7,36,56,77,88,98,132,146],"efficient":[8],"Unmanned":[9],"aerial":[10],"vehicle":[11],"flights,":[12],"especially":[13],"in":[14,21,26,143],"complex":[15,144],"environments.":[16],"While":[17],"the":[18,52,73,93,110,124,137,148,159],"Q-learning":[19,69],"algorithm":[20,55,70,76,112,126,138],"reinforcement":[22],"learning":[23],"performs":[24],"better":[25],"handling":[27],"such":[28],"environments,":[29],"it":[30],"suffers":[31],"from":[32],"slow":[33],"convergence":[34,94,117],"speed":[35,118],"limited":[37],"real-time":[38],"capability.":[39],"To":[40],"address":[41],"these":[42],"problems,":[43],"this":[44],"study":[45],"proposes":[46],"an":[47],"enhanced":[48],"initialization":[49],"process":[50],"using":[51],"flower":[53,74],"pollination":[54,75],"employs":[57],"tabulation":[59,78],"method":[60,79],"to":[61,123,158],"improve":[62],"local":[63,89,133],"obstacle":[64,100,106,134],"avoidance":[65],"ability.":[66],"An":[67],"improved":[68],"based":[71],"on":[72,104],"(IQ-FAT)":[80],"proposed,":[82],"which":[83],"can":[84],"perform":[85],"both":[86],"global":[87,129],"planning,":[91],"enhance":[92],"time":[95,151],"of":[96,119,152],"Q-learning,":[97],"expedite":[99],"avoidance.":[101,135],"Evaluation":[102],"results":[103],"various":[105],"maps":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"that":[109],"modified":[111],"has":[113],"significant":[115],"improvement":[116],"approximately":[120,155],"40%":[121],"compared":[122,157],"original":[125],"while":[127],"enabling":[128],"planning":[131],"Furthermore,":[136],"demonstrates":[139],"superior":[140],"path-planning":[141],"capabilities":[142],"environments":[145],"enhances":[147],"dynamic":[149],"response":[150],"UAVs":[153],"by":[154],"90%":[156],"artificial":[160],"potential":[161],"field":[162],"method.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}