{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401069878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602","title":"Design Approach of Planar Transformer-Based 2-TR Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter for High Efficiency and High Power Density in LDC","display_name":"Design Approach of Planar Transformer-Based 2-TR Phase-Shift Full-Bridge Converter for High Efficiency and High Power Density in LDC","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401069878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075843707","display_name":"Sang-Gyun Ryu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Gyun Ryu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Transportation Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-3939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Transportation Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066802222","display_name":"Seong-Yong Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-5325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Yong Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI Transportation Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI Transportation Convergence, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026466087","display_name":"Chan-Bae Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-2419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chan-Bae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Railroad Operation Systems Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2404-2419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Railroad Operation Systems Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746037","display_name":"Hyung-Woo Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-8277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyung-Woo Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Railway Vehicle System Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6072-8277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Railway Vehicle System Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028376687","display_name":"Jae-Bum Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-6221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119575151","display_name":"Korea National University of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qqbe534","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Bum Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Railroad Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9018-6221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Railroad Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Uiwang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5075843707"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119575151"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3937,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59950587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"103880","last_page":"103894"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.678465723991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.6209980845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.5962940454483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-density","display_name":"Power density","score":0.5959172248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4897475242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4891493618488312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4593643546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.45145073533058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-voltage","display_name":"High voltage","score":0.45029422640800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.34137576818466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20273807644844055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.678465723991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.6209980845451355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.5962940454483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21881925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503313","display_name":"Power density","level":3,"score":0.5959172248840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4897475242614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4891493618488312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4593643546104431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.45145073533058167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.45029422640800476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.34137576818466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20273807644844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e27e6f0d1c954ac19583f177ff96e8e9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e27e6f0d1c954ac19583f177ff96e8e9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 103880-103894 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3434602","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3434602","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1736346794","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20018971","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1944473785","https://openalex.org/W1974632557","https://openalex.org/W1998035172","https://openalex.org/W2021089000","https://openalex.org/W2076870618","https://openalex.org/W2103446715","https://openalex.org/W2107244640","https://openalex.org/W2110275232","https://openalex.org/W2115067661","https://openalex.org/W2120462245","https://openalex.org/W2161399447","https://openalex.org/W2336808587","https://openalex.org/W2742896019","https://openalex.org/W2792524465","https://openalex.org/W3008267970","https://openalex.org/W3202047029","https://openalex.org/W4386917302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W631083485","https://openalex.org/W2027630214","https://openalex.org/W4405446272","https://openalex.org/W4313452936","https://openalex.org/W2097026685","https://openalex.org/W2480068220","https://openalex.org/W2798896958","https://openalex.org/W2070883797","https://openalex.org/W4386859288","https://openalex.org/W1561400108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,178],"recent":[1],"focus":[2],"on":[3,16,21,83,168],"greenhouse":[4],"gas":[5],"emissions":[6],"from":[7],"fossil":[8],"fuel":[9],"usage":[10],"has":[11],"led":[12],"to":[13,31,142],"strengthened":[14],"regulations":[15],"carbon":[17],"emissions.":[18],"Consequently,":[19],"research":[20,218],"electric":[22,49,97],"vehicles":[23,79],"(EV),":[24],"which":[25,171],"have":[26],"higher":[27],"energy":[28,85],"efficiency":[29,137,183],"compared":[30],"internal":[32],"combustion":[33],"engine":[34],"vehicles,":[35,50,98],"is":[36,52],"actively":[37],"being":[38],"pursued.":[39],"With":[40],"advancements":[41],"in":[42,48,56,96,134,211],"the":[43,57,75,81,99,106,143,188,195,212,220,224,233],"technology":[44],"of":[45,62,197,214,223],"electronic":[46],"components":[47],"there":[51],"a":[53,69,119,159,203,208,235],"growing":[54],"trend":[55],"demand":[58],"for":[59,145,190,202],"higher-rated":[60],"capacities":[61],"Low":[63],"DC-DC":[64],"Converter":[65,103,110,164],"(LDC)":[66],"that":[67],"possess":[68],"wide":[70,120],"input-output":[71,121],"voltage":[72,122],"range.":[73],"Furthermore,":[74],"restricted":[76],"space":[77],"within":[78],"and":[80,93,105,124,130,138,176,184,227,241],"emphasis":[82],"high":[84,90,125,136,149,182,204],"utilization":[86,196],"necessitate":[87],"converters":[88],"with":[89,148],"power":[91,126,139,185,199],"density":[92,140,186],"efficiency.":[94],"Currently,":[95],"Active":[100],"Clamp":[101],"Forward":[102],"(ACFC)":[104],"Phase":[107,161],"Shift":[108,162],"Full-Bridge":[109,163],"(PSFB)":[111],"are":[112],"commonly":[113],"applied,":[114],"as":[115],"they":[116],"readily":[117],"achieve":[118],"range":[123],"density.":[127],"However,":[128],"ACFC":[129,175],"PSFB":[131,226],"encounter":[132],"difficulties":[133],"achieving":[135],"due":[141],"requirement":[144],"output":[146,192],"inductors":[147],"current":[150],"specifications.":[151],"To":[152,231],"address":[153],"these":[154],"challenges,":[155],"this":[156],"study":[157],"proposes":[158],"Two-Transformer":[160],"(2-TR":[165],"PSFB)":[166],"based":[167],"planar":[169],"transformers,":[170],"can":[172],"replace":[173],"conventional":[174],"PSFB.":[177],"proposed":[179],"converter":[180],"achieves":[181],"without":[187],"need":[189],"high-current":[191],"inductors.":[193],"Additionally,":[194],"GaN":[198],"semiconductors":[200],"allows":[201],"switching":[205],"frequency,":[206],"enabling":[207],"significant":[209],"reduction":[210],"volume":[213],"magnetic":[215],"components.":[216],"This":[217],"presents":[219],"operational":[221],"principles":[222],"2-TR":[225],"provides":[228],"design":[229],"directions.":[230],"validate":[232],"design,":[234],"2.5":[236],"kW":[237],"prototype":[238],"was":[239],"manufactured":[240],"tested.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
