{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400975330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383","title":"A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Generative Adversarial Network for Near-Term Quantum Processors","display_name":"A Hybrid Quantum-Classical Generative Adversarial Network for Near-Term Quantum Processors","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400975330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3433383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112957141","display_name":"Albha O\u2019Dwyer Boyle","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Albha O\u2019Dwyer Boyle","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086884567","display_name":"Gholamreza Nikandish","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-3368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reza Nikandish","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9970-3368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112957141"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9524,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88000945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"102688","last_page":"102701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13182","display_name":"Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7128913998603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.6541765928268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6537598967552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5610175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-network","display_name":"Quantum network","score":0.44113218784332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.3898933529853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3652755618095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21946081519126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.12514477968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12316295504570007}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7128913998603821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.6541765928268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6537598967552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5610175132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.44113218784332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.3898933529853821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3652755618095398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21946081519126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.12514477968215942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12316295504570007}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3433383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:de2a703fe53a470487ada8b18d3254c8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/de2a703fe53a470487ada8b18d3254c8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 102688-102701 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3433383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3433383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492999010","https://openalex.org/W1513904472","https://openalex.org/W1990514347","https://openalex.org/W2015811642","https://openalex.org/W2050334794","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2132764286","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2174510006","https://openalex.org/W2179731956","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2725161044","https://openalex.org/W2754868542","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2790388700","https://openalex.org/W2792176898","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2794444783","https://openalex.org/W2796293949","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2798945316","https://openalex.org/W2798967590","https://openalex.org/W2887511498","https://openalex.org/W2903221501","https://openalex.org/W2906133437","https://openalex.org/W2921920881","https://openalex.org/W2931020703","https://openalex.org/W2978899725","https://openalex.org/W2979996741","https://openalex.org/W2982169647","https://openalex.org/W3004965358","https://openalex.org/W3009313620","https://openalex.org/W3038067977","https://openalex.org/W3089495739","https://openalex.org/W3098268180","https://openalex.org/W3099734242","https://openalex.org/W3100806676","https://openalex.org/W3100931082","https://openalex.org/W3104022488","https://openalex.org/W3104396616","https://openalex.org/W3104428150","https://openalex.org/W3106984071","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3132743969","https://openalex.org/W3134414581","https://openalex.org/W3135054987","https://openalex.org/W3136233239","https://openalex.org/W3148001159","https://openalex.org/W3158633919","https://openalex.org/W3163303881","https://openalex.org/W3163842339","https://openalex.org/W3173713405","https://openalex.org/W3185866018","https://openalex.org/W3198570521","https://openalex.org/W3199543116","https://openalex.org/W3203972939","https://openalex.org/W3211718387","https://openalex.org/W3217431257","https://openalex.org/W4213212652","https://openalex.org/W4235656990","https://openalex.org/W4281891658","https://openalex.org/W4287905360","https://openalex.org/W4288283417","https://openalex.org/W4293320219","https://openalex.org/W4296126438","https://openalex.org/W4300988299","https://openalex.org/W4380627387","https://openalex.org/W6718379498","https://openalex.org/W6729767818","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6748683284","https://openalex.org/W6748892693","https://openalex.org/W6765443743","https://openalex.org/W6773050563","https://openalex.org/W6776331362","https://openalex.org/W6801247661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W3119323601","https://openalex.org/W4292949192","https://openalex.org/W1996213744","https://openalex.org/W3010817373","https://openalex.org/W4293209482","https://openalex.org/W3088578462"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,81],"article,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"a":[5,20,24,33,166,176,190],"hybrid":[6,17,152,170],"quantum-classical":[7,153,171],"generative":[8],"adversarial":[9],"network":[10,38,49,182,193],"(GAN)":[11],"for":[12,64,115,126,216],"near-term":[13],"quantum":[14,26,45,56,65,86,112,119,128,134,196],"processors.":[15],"The":[16,36,47,133,169,184],"GAN":[18,154,172],"comprises":[19],"variational":[21,44],"generator":[22,37],"and":[23,43,77,97,198,206,213,222],"discriminator":[25,48,181,192],"neural":[27,66,87,120],"network,":[28],"which":[29,68],"are":[30,107,136],"trained":[31],"using":[32,41,52,109,138,157,175,189],"classic":[34,167],"computer.":[35,168],"is":[39,50,62,155,173,187],"realized":[40,51,174],"angle-encoding":[42],"circuits.":[46,57],"multi-stage":[53],"trainable":[54,200],"encoding":[55],"A":[58],"modular":[59,82],"design":[60],"approach":[61,83],"proposed":[63],"networks":[67,88,121],"allows":[69],"control":[70],"on":[71,165],"their":[72],"depth":[73],"to":[74,90,122],"compromise":[75],"accuracy":[76],"circuit":[78],"complexity.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"makes":[84],"the":[85,93,98,104,110,116,124,139,148,151,158,203,217,220],"amenable":[89],"scaling":[91],"up":[92],"dimension":[94],"of":[95,100,103,118,150,211],"dataset":[96],"number":[99],"qubits.":[101,132],"Gradients":[102],"loss":[105],"functions":[106],"derived":[108],"same":[111],"circuits":[113,129],"used":[114],"implementation":[117],"prevent":[123],"need":[125],"extra":[127],"or":[130],"auxiliary":[131],"simulations":[135],"performed":[137],"IBM":[140],"Qiskit":[141],"open-source":[142],"software":[143],"development":[144],"kit":[145],"(SDK),":[146],"while":[147],"training":[149],"conducted":[156],"mini-batch":[159],"stochastic":[160],"gradient":[161],"descent":[162],"(SGD)":[163],"optimization":[164],"two-qubit":[177],"system":[178],"with":[179,202],"different":[180],"structures.":[183],"best":[185],"performance":[186],"achieved":[188],"five-stage":[191],"comprising":[194],"63":[195],"gates":[197],"31":[199],"parameters,":[201],"Kullback-Leibler":[204],"(KL)":[205],"Jensen-Shannon":[207],"(JS)":[208],"divergence":[209],"scores":[210],"0.39":[212],"0.52,":[214],"respectively,":[215],"similarity":[218],"between":[219],"real":[221],"generated":[223],"data":[224],"distributions.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}