{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400905341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786","title":"Smart Pixels: Harnessing Deep Learning and Fibonacci Decomposition for Image Ciphering","display_name":"Smart Pixels: Harnessing Deep Learning and Fibonacci Decomposition for Image Ciphering","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400905341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082899555","display_name":"Yasmine M. Khazaal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9459-7546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131779051","display_name":"Iraqi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wfhkb67","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["IQ","TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yasmine M. Khazaal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq","National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), NOCCS Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131779051"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), NOCCS Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043900706","display_name":"Ali Douik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0178-501X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8636806","display_name":"University of Sousse","ror":"https://ror.org/00dmpgj58","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Douik","raw_affiliation_strings":["NOCCS Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), NOCCS Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NOCCS Laboratory, National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Sousse (ENISo), NOCCS Laboratory, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8636806"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004803772","display_name":"Monji Kherallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4549-1005"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142899784","display_name":"University of Sfax","ror":"https://ror.org/04d4sd432","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monji Kherallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["ATES-Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ATES-Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082899555"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142899784","https://openalex.org/I3131779051","https://openalex.org/I8636806"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50333313,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"130723","last_page":"130735"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8051775097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7795690298080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fibonacci-number","display_name":"Fibonacci number","score":0.693071186542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6447587013244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5846632719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5653088092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.5333661437034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.5001342296600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.45508909225463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.44055482745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41015511751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.40121689438819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3993965983390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.30122795701026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13775569200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12383070588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.07290077209472656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8051775097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7795690298080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173734053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47577","display_name":"Fibonacci number","level":2,"score":0.693071186542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6447587013244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5846632719039917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653088092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.5333661437034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.5001342296600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.45508909225463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.44055482745170593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41015511751174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40121689438819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3993965983390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.30122795701026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13775569200515747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12383070588111877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.07290077209472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d16c557189794864b8fe74a94aed2e88","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d16c557189794864b8fe74a94aed2e88","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 130723-130735 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432786","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432786","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2187155979","https://openalex.org/W2588434662","https://openalex.org/W2901602009","https://openalex.org/W2901972078","https://openalex.org/W2906251040","https://openalex.org/W2944328891","https://openalex.org/W2946866446","https://openalex.org/W2972569152","https://openalex.org/W2997966352","https://openalex.org/W3010931211","https://openalex.org/W3015896431","https://openalex.org/W3026554779","https://openalex.org/W3039588931","https://openalex.org/W3046108963","https://openalex.org/W3126295544","https://openalex.org/W3133565686","https://openalex.org/W3137867917","https://openalex.org/W3138986594","https://openalex.org/W3164271401","https://openalex.org/W3165540137","https://openalex.org/W3194478349","https://openalex.org/W3197903522","https://openalex.org/W3198864633","https://openalex.org/W3212896427","https://openalex.org/W3214793094","https://openalex.org/W4200196864","https://openalex.org/W4205620807","https://openalex.org/W4206898960","https://openalex.org/W4212991603","https://openalex.org/W4220911791","https://openalex.org/W4220955593","https://openalex.org/W4221080850","https://openalex.org/W4226036688","https://openalex.org/W4226466313","https://openalex.org/W4282830073","https://openalex.org/W4283365097","https://openalex.org/W4284966659","https://openalex.org/W4284974528","https://openalex.org/W4288458148","https://openalex.org/W4296143064","https://openalex.org/W4307816509","https://openalex.org/W4308802127","https://openalex.org/W4310553589","https://openalex.org/W4311746911","https://openalex.org/W4318220180","https://openalex.org/W4318694104","https://openalex.org/W4364302366","https://openalex.org/W4381795218","https://openalex.org/W4385365552","https://openalex.org/W4385624121","https://openalex.org/W4385834304","https://openalex.org/W4386351966","https://openalex.org/W4386394338","https://openalex.org/W4386889691","https://openalex.org/W4386998086","https://openalex.org/W4387415124","https://openalex.org/W6686522690","https://openalex.org/W6733519859","https://openalex.org/W6762642588"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104599943","https://openalex.org/W2387112055","https://openalex.org/W2391464897","https://openalex.org/W2353502147","https://openalex.org/W2376168677","https://openalex.org/W2025536124","https://openalex.org/W4387763778","https://openalex.org/W2368473326","https://openalex.org/W2358057490","https://openalex.org/W2368647523"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,35,59,76,93,105,129,143,181],"the":[2,10,18,64,69,78,84,101,107,110,118,123,127,134,137,145,157,162,187],"rapid":[3],"and":[4,20,39,50,72,120,152],"continuous":[5],"growth":[6],"of":[7,22,46,109,122,184,189],"images":[8,38,88,185],"in":[9,68,100,186],"digital":[11,37,169,190],"environment,":[12],"There":[13],"are":[14],"still":[15],"concerns":[16],"about":[17],"security":[19,42],"confidentiality":[21],"visual":[23],"data.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"study,":[27],"we":[28],"will":[29],"present":[30],"a":[31,55,90,165,175],"new,":[32],"developed":[33],"approach":[34],"securing":[36],"maintaining":[40],"their":[41],"by":[43],"taking":[44],"advantage":[45],"deep":[47,56],"learning":[48,148],"technology":[49],"Fibonacci":[51,74,153],"decomposition.":[52],"We":[53,82,132],"used":[54],"neural":[57,102],"network":[58,103],"generate":[60],"random":[61],"numbers,":[62],"predict":[63],"optimal":[65],"pixel":[66,79],"position":[67],"encrypted":[70,124],"image,":[71,125],"apply":[73],"decomposition":[75],"alter":[77],"value":[80],"(contrast).":[81],"trained":[83],"model":[85],"on":[86],"multiple":[87],"from":[89,140],"standard":[91,138],"dataset":[92],"enhance":[94],"its":[95],"adaptability.":[96],"The":[97,114],"hidden":[98],"layers":[99],"contributed":[104],"increasing":[106],"complexity":[108],"generated":[111],"numbers\u2019":[112],"randomness.":[113],"encryption":[115],"key":[116],"stores":[117],"method":[119,164],"functions":[121],"enabling":[126],"recipient":[128],"decrypt":[130],"it.":[131],"evaluated":[133],"research":[135],"using":[136],"criteria":[139],"previous":[141],"studies":[142],"compare":[144],"results.":[146],"Deep":[147],"helped":[149,155],"prevent":[150],"attacks,":[151],"analysis":[154],"increase":[156],"image\u2019s":[158],"security.":[159,171],"This":[160,172],"makes":[161],"proposed":[163],"promising":[166,176],"solution":[167,177],"for":[168],"image":[170],"study":[173],"provides":[174],"that":[178],"is":[179],"adaptable":[180],"various":[182],"types":[183],"age":[188],"images.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}