{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400905305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584","title":"Modeling and Prediction of Occupancy in Buildings Based on Sensor Data Using Deep Learning Methods","display_name":"Modeling and Prediction of Occupancy in Buildings Based on Sensor Data Using Deep Learning Methods","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400905305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085947212","display_name":"Georgiana Cretu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgiana Cretu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-2204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081102520","display_name":"Iulia Stamatescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-4534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iulia Stamatescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4484-4534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079563165","display_name":"Grigore St\u00e2m\u00e2tescu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-6817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61641377","display_name":"Universitatea Na\u021bional\u0103 de \u0218tiin\u021b\u0103 \u0219i Tehnologie Politehnica Bucure\u0219ti","ror":"https://ror.org/0558j5q12","country_code":"RO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Grigore Stamatescu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9647-6817","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Industrial Informatics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computers, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085947212"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61641377"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77635848,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"102994","last_page":"103003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9589999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupancy","display_name":"Occupancy","score":0.8684862852096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7266217470169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7217363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5332204103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5129282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5000405311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictive-modelling","display_name":"Predictive modelling","score":0.4905237555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.4608445167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4387182593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4385163187980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42799103260040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-analysis","display_name":"Regression analysis","score":0.41906648874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.17307299375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10985758900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08831453323364258}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.8684862852096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7266217470169067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7217363119125366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5332204103469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5129282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5000405311584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45804977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239673","display_name":"Predictive modelling","level":2,"score":0.4905237555503845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.4608445167541504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4387182593345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4385163187980652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42799103260040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.41906648874282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17307299375534058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10985758900642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08831453323364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f10fbce0294e4505832b2a4c4b0ef303","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f10fbce0294e4505832b2a4c4b0ef303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 102994-103003 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432584","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5199999809265137},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2418021442","https://openalex.org/W2891262971","https://openalex.org/W3133750022","https://openalex.org/W3134463303","https://openalex.org/W3150682333","https://openalex.org/W3164343423","https://openalex.org/W3210294652","https://openalex.org/W4200524961","https://openalex.org/W4205758702","https://openalex.org/W4224308015","https://openalex.org/W4306768033","https://openalex.org/W4313586520","https://openalex.org/W4385259809","https://openalex.org/W4385603121","https://openalex.org/W4388320641","https://openalex.org/W4389311572","https://openalex.org/W4391235304","https://openalex.org/W4394825658","https://openalex.org/W4396721140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4282043467","https://openalex.org/W2105697914","https://openalex.org/W3093197249","https://openalex.org/W1968324288","https://openalex.org/W1540010871","https://openalex.org/W3023979140","https://openalex.org/W2904068067","https://openalex.org/W1565491139","https://openalex.org/W1971963271","https://openalex.org/W2761984238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"modelling":[1,38],"and":[2,12,25,71,76,86,98,157],"prediction":[3],"of":[4,14,32,60,103,107,131,155,167,187],"indoor":[5],"occupancy":[6,82,110,141,144,165],"can":[7,117],"lead":[8],"to":[9],"efficient":[10],"optimization":[11],"control":[13,126],"building":[15,47,109,124],"energy":[16,125],"consumption.":[17],"This":[18],"research":[19],"uses":[20],"indirect":[21],"ambient":[22],"sensor":[23],"measurements":[24],"heterogeneous":[26],"data":[27,57],"types,":[28],"together":[29],"with":[30,180],"state":[31],"the":[33,104,132,136,149,163,172],"art":[34],"techniques":[35],"for":[36,45,162],"data-driven":[37],"based":[39],"on":[40,78],"deep":[41],"neural":[42,65,69],"networks":[43,70],"architectures,":[44],"estimating":[46],"occupancy.":[48],"The":[49],"methodology":[50],"steps":[51],"include":[52],"input":[53],"variable":[54],"selection,":[55],"comprehensive":[56],"pre-processing,":[58],"implementation":[59],"several":[61],"models":[62],"using":[63,113],"convolutional":[64],"networks,":[66],"fully":[67],"connected":[68],"long":[72],"short-term":[73],"memory":[74],"models,":[75],"evaluation":[77],"a":[79,92,122,181],"reference":[80],"public":[81],"dataset.":[83],"Various":[84],"design":[85],"parametrisation":[87],"options":[88],"are":[89],"investigated":[90],"in":[91,121,142,153],"dual":[93],"formulation,":[94],"as":[95],"both":[96],"classification":[97,137,160],"regression":[99,151,173],"problem.":[100],"An":[101],"application":[102],"work":[105],"consists":[106],"accurate":[108],"estimations,":[111],"measured":[112],"standardised":[114],"metrics,":[115],"that":[116,135],"be":[118],"subsequently":[119],"used":[120],"predictive":[123],"framework.":[127],"One":[128],"main":[129],"finding":[130],"study":[133],"shows":[134],"approach,":[138],"which":[139],"categorizes":[140],"coarse-grained":[143],"levels,":[145],"performed":[146],"better":[147],"than":[148],"fine-grained":[150],"approach":[152],"terms":[154],"accuracy":[156,161,175],"robustness.":[158],"A":[159],"five-sensor":[164],"model":[166],"94%":[168],"is":[169],"reported,":[170],"while":[171],"equivalent":[174],"value":[176],"stands":[177],"at":[178],"80%":[179],"Mean":[182],"Squared":[183],"Error":[184],"(MSE)":[185],"indicator":[186],"0.1934.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}