{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162","title":"An Ultra-Low-Power Static Contention-Free 25-Transistor True Single-Phase-Clocked Flip-Flop in 55 nm CMOS","display_name":"An Ultra-Low-Power Static Contention-Free 25-Transistor True Single-Phase-Clocked Flip-Flop in 55 nm CMOS","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877247","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041461043","display_name":"Jiliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-864X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0942-864X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083979573","display_name":"Huidong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huidong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5529-1421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5529-1421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101476812","display_name":"Kangning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-0149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kangning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026870474","display_name":"Shushan Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shushan Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-2111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0416,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87051319,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"187892","last_page":"187898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flip-flop","display_name":"Flip-flop","score":0.8969415426254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.668529748916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.6068655252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-low-power","display_name":"Ultra low power","score":0.4916399121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4897046387195587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.44240665435791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3678737282752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3562386631965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2967890202999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.21361899375915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2063642144203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12300875782966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1096925139427185}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781007278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183406","display_name":"Flip-flop","level":3,"score":0.8969415426254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.668529748916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.6068655252456665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017773396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Ultra low power","level":4,"score":0.4916399121284485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4897046387195587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44240665435791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3678737282752991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3562386631965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2967890202999115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.21361899375915527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2063642144203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12300875782966614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1096925139427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4ac145ed080b44299889c73be52e8647","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4ac145ed080b44299889c73be52e8647","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 187892-187898 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3432162","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3432162","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966288395","https://openalex.org/W1969390180","https://openalex.org/W1995665089","https://openalex.org/W2047694997","https://openalex.org/W2105103777","https://openalex.org/W2109195618","https://openalex.org/W2140480749","https://openalex.org/W2145876393","https://openalex.org/W2170265438","https://openalex.org/W2778408213","https://openalex.org/W2898386872","https://openalex.org/W2943419595","https://openalex.org/W3135298190","https://openalex.org/W3163408809","https://openalex.org/W3196491533","https://openalex.org/W4392931731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783525109","https://openalex.org/W4230846245","https://openalex.org/W2763646728","https://openalex.org/W2793507197","https://openalex.org/W4206433830","https://openalex.org/W4300456897","https://openalex.org/W4200181733","https://openalex.org/W2160628748","https://openalex.org/W2800386143","https://openalex.org/W2905087769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"essential":[1],"building":[2],"blocks":[3],"of":[4,12,21,84],"sequential":[5],"digital":[6,22],"circuits,":[7],"optimizing":[8],"the":[9,18,91],"power":[10,29],"consumption":[11],"flip-flops":[13],"(FFs)":[14],"can":[15],"significantly":[16],"reduce":[17],"total":[19],"energy":[20],"systems.":[23],"This":[24],"paper":[25],"proposes":[26],"an":[27],"ultra-low":[28],"25-transistor":[30],"(29-T":[31],"with":[32],"reset":[33],"function)":[34],"true":[35],"single-phase":[36],"clocked":[37],"(TSPC)":[38],"flip-flop":[39],"by":[40,51],"eliminating":[41],"all":[42],"redundant":[43],"charges":[44],"and":[45,60,87],"discharges.":[46],"Floating":[47],"nodes":[48],"are":[49],"compensated":[50],"transistor-level":[52],"optimization,":[53],"which":[54],"also":[55],"enables":[56],"a":[57,81],"fully":[58],"static":[59],"contention-free":[61],"FF":[62,67],"circuit":[63,93],"design.":[64],"The":[65],"proposed":[66,92],"is":[68],"implemented":[69],"in":[70],"55":[71],"nm":[72],"CMOS":[73],"technology.":[74],"Post-layout":[75],"simulation":[76],"results":[77],"demonstrate":[78],"that":[79],"at":[80],"supply":[82],"voltage":[83],"0.6":[85],"V":[86],"10%":[88],"data":[89],"activity,":[90],"consumes":[94],"only":[95],"0.153":[96],"fJ/cycle.":[97]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
