{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610","title":"Enhanced Fault Localization in Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems Using Improved Gaussian Process Regression","display_name":"Enhanced Fault Localization in Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems Using Improved Gaussian Process Regression","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877784","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3431610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069731878","display_name":"Abha Pragati","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193073490","display_name":"Siksha O Anusandhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ep7w45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abha Pragati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083141183","display_name":"Manohar Mishra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-4703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193073490","display_name":"Siksha O Anusandhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ep7w45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manohar Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053500766","display_name":"Pritam Bhowmik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5909-9418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pritam Bhowmik","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5909-9418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072189850","display_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-4592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josep M. Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5236-4592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Center for Research on Microgrids (CROM), Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053456719","display_name":"Debadatta Amaresh Gadanayak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-4441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193073490","display_name":"Siksha O Anusandhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/056ep7w45","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Debadatta Amaresh Gadanayak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7533-4441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193073490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8654,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72890893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"187623","last_page":"187639"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12598","display_name":"Cardiac Structural Anomalies and Repair","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6277726888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6171395182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5767128467559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.5517605543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5360802412033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kriging","display_name":"Kriging","score":0.45295605063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/root-mean-square","display_name":"Root mean square","score":0.44533872604370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4339250326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4155483841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40677130222320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39466267824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.37988781929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2498018443584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20810633897781372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6277726888656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6171395182609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5767128467559814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.5517605543136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5360802412033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.45295605063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.44533872604370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4339250326156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4155483841896057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40677130222320557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39466267824172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.37988781929016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2498018443584442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20810633897781372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3431610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/14c893b8-a29f-4ca0-b379-cd5ac88affed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/14c893b8-a29f-4ca0-b379-cd5ac88affed","pdf_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/770637001/Enhanced_Fault_Localization_in_Multi-Terminal_HVDC_Systems_Using_Improved_Gaussian_Process_Regression.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pragati, A, Mishra, M, Bhowmik, P, Guerrero, J M & Amaresh Gadanayak, D 2024, 'Enhanced Fault Localization in Multi-Terminal HVDC Systems Using Improved Gaussian Process Regression', IEEE Access, vol. 12, 10605778, pp. 187623-187639. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3431610","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:03b15834d1084ff986b9c1f88e053920","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/03b15834d1084ff986b9c1f88e053920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 187623-187639 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3431610","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3431610","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2177733603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25920","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","funder_display_name":"Villum Fonden"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310490","display_name":"Villum Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/007ww2d15"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1525390105","https://openalex.org/W2009596440","https://openalex.org/W2056168656","https://openalex.org/W2068427394","https://openalex.org/W2073887634","https://openalex.org/W2085406746","https://openalex.org/W2104003464","https://openalex.org/W2275393404","https://openalex.org/W2476740103","https://openalex.org/W2522769913","https://openalex.org/W2560698003","https://openalex.org/W2591204761","https://openalex.org/W2767129524","https://openalex.org/W2808909019","https://openalex.org/W2850474725","https://openalex.org/W2900997515","https://openalex.org/W2909970028","https://openalex.org/W2910439791","https://openalex.org/W2911581868","https://openalex.org/W2917648961","https://openalex.org/W2951851576","https://openalex.org/W2984213576","https://openalex.org/W3000413169","https://openalex.org/W3016005752","https://openalex.org/W3037678560","https://openalex.org/W3044395493","https://openalex.org/W3047325642","https://openalex.org/W3086738198","https://openalex.org/W3126195789","https://openalex.org/W3126440525","https://openalex.org/W3127458574","https://openalex.org/W3158597070","https://openalex.org/W3211207797","https://openalex.org/W4316136041","https://openalex.org/W4319316844","https://openalex.org/W4367303079","https://openalex.org/W4377018234","https://openalex.org/W4390905089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141609920","https://openalex.org/W2912851808","https://openalex.org/W4294619368","https://openalex.org/W4380558509","https://openalex.org/W4286748465","https://openalex.org/W566010457","https://openalex.org/W2600092203","https://openalex.org/W3118984993","https://openalex.org/W2144336328","https://openalex.org/W3196933554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"fault":[1,41,75],"localization":[2],"is":[3,146,160],"crucial":[4],"for":[5,25,44,115],"protecting":[6],"DC":[7,49,53,74],"networks":[8],"following":[9],"the":[10,23,100,117,149,157,180],"successful":[11],"detection":[12],"of":[13,88,102,132,156,191,196,199],"internal":[14],"faults":[15],"in":[16],"power":[17,30],"transmission":[18],"systems,":[19],"as":[20,82,113],"it":[21,165],"minimizes":[22],"need":[24],"replacements":[26],"and":[27,55,65,85,90,106,173],"enables":[28],"swift":[29],"recovery.":[31],"This":[32],"study":[33],"proposes":[34],"an":[35],"improved":[36,169],"Gaussian":[37,133],"process":[38,134],"regression":[39,135],"(IGPR)-based":[40],"location":[42],"method":[43,159],"a":[45,73,140,186,194],"multi-terminal":[46],"high":[47],"voltage":[48,54,89,105],"(HVDC)":[50],"system.":[51],"Initially,":[52],"current":[56,91,107],"signals":[57],"are":[58,108],"captured":[59],"from":[60],"relay":[61],"locations":[62],"(both":[63],"positive":[64],"negative":[66],"poles)":[67],"under":[68],"various":[69],"operating":[70],"conditions":[71],"during":[72],"event.":[76],"Subsequently,":[77],"twelve":[78],"statistical":[79],"features":[80,97,111],"(such":[81],"mean,":[83],"median,":[84],"standard":[86],"deviation":[87],"signals)":[92],"along":[93],"with":[94,166,193],"two":[95],"additional":[96],"based":[98],"on":[99,143],"coefficient":[101,195],"correlations":[103],"between":[104],"extracted.":[109],"These":[110],"serve":[112],"inputs":[114],"training":[116],"proposed":[118,158,181],"IGPR":[119,127],"model,":[120],"followed":[121],"by":[122,163],"random":[123],"sample":[124],"testing.":[125],"The":[126,176],"model":[128],"incorporates":[129],"hyperparameter":[130],"tuning":[131],"using":[136,148],"Bayesian":[137],"optimization.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"detailed":[141],"analysis":[142],"feature":[144,151],"selection":[145,152],"conducted":[147],"RRelief":[150],"method.":[153],"Performance":[154],"evaluation":[155],"carried":[161],"out":[162],"comparing":[164],"several":[167],"other":[168],"machine":[170],"learning":[171],"models":[172],"existing":[174],"literature.":[175],"results":[177],"demonstrate":[178],"that":[179],"approach":[182],"outperforms":[183],"others,":[184],"achieving":[185],"very":[187],"low":[188],"root-mean-square":[189],"error":[190],"0.004":[192],"determination":[197],"(R2)":[198],"0.9956.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
