{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400645063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553","title":"Improving Plant Disease Classification With Deep-Learning-Based Prediction Model Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Improving Plant Disease Classification With Deep-Learning-Based Prediction Model Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400645063","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004572142","display_name":"Natasha Nigar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6517-666X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Nigar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science (RCET), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science (RCET), University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081328612","display_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Faisal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0363-8141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hafiz Muhammad Faisal","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009400840","display_name":"Muhammad Umer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-9326"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Umer","raw_affiliation_strings":["TEKHQS INC., Irvine, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TEKHQS INC., Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040601176","display_name":"Olukayode Oki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olukayode Oki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071580791","display_name":"Jose Manappattukunnel Lukose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5161-2152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Manappattukunnel Lukose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004572142"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":44.4934,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99899449,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"100005","last_page":"100014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11750","display_name":"Phytoplasmas and Hemiptera pathogens","score":0.9459999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7161548137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6631768345832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6414938569068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5589213967323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5196101069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-disease","display_name":"Plant disease","score":0.48202717304229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.42130327224731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3206322491168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology","display_name":"Biotechnology","score":0.08401539921760559}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7161548137664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6631768345832825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6414938569068909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5589213967323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5196101069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019235130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188956","display_name":"Plant disease","level":2,"score":0.48202717304229736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42130327224731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3206322491168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08401539921760559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40e05f455c9c49b998fa2f40d41a537c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40e05f455c9c49b998fa2f40d41a537c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 100005-100014 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428553","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428553","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2136132422","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2353267094","https://openalex.org/W2473156356","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2768149277","https://openalex.org/W2789255992","https://openalex.org/W2886330227","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963820222","https://openalex.org/W2969364300","https://openalex.org/W2982381523","https://openalex.org/W2989646980","https://openalex.org/W3006086117","https://openalex.org/W3024464598","https://openalex.org/W3042616902","https://openalex.org/W3082480853","https://openalex.org/W3106505022","https://openalex.org/W3155966371","https://openalex.org/W3158308652","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3193425446","https://openalex.org/W3212732040","https://openalex.org/W4226165565","https://openalex.org/W4293649366","https://openalex.org/W4309640155","https://openalex.org/W4312251513","https://openalex.org/W4379232323","https://openalex.org/W4386382355","https://openalex.org/W4386894087","https://openalex.org/W6610542360","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6784225549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W4230611425","https://openalex.org/W4294635752","https://openalex.org/W4304166257","https://openalex.org/W4383066092","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W2804383999","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Plant":[0],"diseases":[1,16,92],"can":[2,17],"have":[3],"profound":[4],"effects":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,43,57,61,112],"economy,":[8],"impacting":[9],"both":[10],"local":[11,113],"and":[12,28,55,78,96,101,127,150],"global":[13,154],"scales.":[14],"These":[15,104],"lead":[18],"to":[19,76,108,119,129,153],"substantial":[20],"losses":[21],"in":[22,53,133],"agricultural":[23],"productivity,":[24],"affecting":[25],"crop":[26],"yields":[27],"quality.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"context,":[32],"deep":[33],"learning":[34],"algorithms":[35],"are":[36,106],"widely":[37],"acknowledged":[38],"as":[39,98,139],"effective":[40],"solutions.":[41],"However,":[42],"use":[44],"of":[45],"these":[46],"black-box":[47],"approaches":[48],"raises":[49],"concerns":[50],"about":[51],"trust":[52],"interpreting":[54],"validating":[56],"decisions":[58],"generated":[59],"by":[60],"models.":[62],"This":[63,135],"study":[64],"proposes":[65],"an":[66],"explainable":[67],"artificial":[68],"intelligence":[69],"(XAI)":[70],"based":[71],"plant":[72,91],"disease":[73,145],"classification":[74],"system":[75,86,136],"classify":[77],"identify":[79],"distinct":[80],"ailments":[81],"with":[82,93,124],"improved":[83],"accuracy.":[84],"The":[85],"correctly":[87],"identifies":[88],"38":[89],"different":[90],"accuracy,":[94],"precision,":[95],"recall":[97],"99.69%,":[99],"98.27%,":[100],"98.26%,":[102],"respectively.":[103],"predictions":[105],"subjected":[107],"additional":[109],"analysis":[110],"employing":[111],"interpretable":[114],"model-agnostic":[115],"explanations":[116,122],"(LIME)":[117],"framework":[118],"produce":[120],"visual":[121],"aligning":[123],"prior":[125],"beliefs":[126],"adhering":[128],"established":[130],"best":[131],"practices":[132],"explanations.":[134],"will":[137],"serve":[138],"a":[140],"promising":[141],"avenue":[142],"for":[143],"revolutionizing":[144],"detection,":[146],"fostering":[147],"informed":[148],"decision-making,":[149],"ultimately":[151],"contributing":[152],"food":[155],"security.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
