{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400645583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","title":"FFT-Based Frequency Detection and Interference Analysis for NLOS MIMO-OCC","display_name":"FFT-Based Frequency Detection and Interference Analysis for NLOS MIMO-OCC","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400645583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077268716","display_name":"Shivani Rajendra Teli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-6354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivani Rajendra Teli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-6354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039279354","display_name":"Vicente Matus Icaza","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vicente Matus Icaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013608234","display_name":"S. V\u00edtek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav V\u00edtek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1495","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011499490","display_name":"Rafael P\u00e9rez\u2010Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119635470","display_name":"Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria","ror":"https://ror.org/01teme464","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rafael Perez-Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-592X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Technological Development and Innovation in Communications, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119635470"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009712820","display_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32394136","display_name":"Northumbria University","ror":"https://ror.org/049e6bc10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zabih Ghassemlooy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5780-9703","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Optical Communications Research Group, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32394136"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078401803","display_name":"Stanislav Zv\u00e1novec","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44504214","display_name":"Czech Technical University in Prague","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanislav Zvanovec","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7902-2143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electromagnetic Field, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44504214"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1731,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46134637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"99137","last_page":"99148"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.7999775409698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.677947461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6754007339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.662358283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","score":0.5479240417480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3848455548286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2547951638698578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25069472193717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.24659785628318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1618744134902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09634801745414734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.7999775409698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.677947461605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6754007339477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.662358283996582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75172450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623950","display_name":"Fast Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5479240417480469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3848455548286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2547951638698578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25069472193717957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.24659785628318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1618744134902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09634801745414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:accedacris.ulpgc.es:10553/134452","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10553/134452","pdf_url":"https://accedacris.ulpgc.es/jspui/bitstream/10553/134452/1/FFT-Based_Frequency_Detection_and_Interference_Analysis_for_NLOS_MIMO-OCC.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400136","display_name":"Acceda (Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access[EISSN 2169-3536], (Enero 2024)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cdf4a315e14343dab151c3b63d733006","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cdf4a315e14343dab151c3b63d733006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 99137-99148 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3428347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3428347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1409860558","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA19111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324671","funder_display_name":"Agencia Canaria de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Sociedad de la Informaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6505642974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"APCR2022010014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324671","funder_display_name":"Agencia Canaria de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Sociedad de la Informaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8650605535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SGS23/168/OHK3/3T/13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","funder_display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309972","display_name":"\u010cesk\u00e9 Vysok\u00e9 U\u010den\u00ed Technick\u00e9 v Praze","ror":"https://ror.org/03kqpb082"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324671","display_name":"Agencia Canaria de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Sociedad de la Informaci\u00f3n","ror":"https://ror.org/01eeqch44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019201258","https://openalex.org/W2151764418","https://openalex.org/W2215672452","https://openalex.org/W2548011927","https://openalex.org/W2588844940","https://openalex.org/W2608032772","https://openalex.org/W2735410617","https://openalex.org/W2786940014","https://openalex.org/W2788747469","https://openalex.org/W2899622198","https://openalex.org/W2911747674","https://openalex.org/W2928357791","https://openalex.org/W3018349710","https://openalex.org/W3025960117","https://openalex.org/W3082430095","https://openalex.org/W3105780300","https://openalex.org/W3108170453","https://openalex.org/W3154170655","https://openalex.org/W3165589051","https://openalex.org/W3172280710","https://openalex.org/W3176374357","https://openalex.org/W3204696346","https://openalex.org/W4221123600","https://openalex.org/W4224927276","https://openalex.org/W4386420502","https://openalex.org/W4387396943"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172272784","https://openalex.org/W4307436769","https://openalex.org/W4323793210","https://openalex.org/W2366306259","https://openalex.org/W3101720559","https://openalex.org/W2143447014","https://openalex.org/W3172283447","https://openalex.org/W2110478555","https://openalex.org/W2109871577","https://openalex.org/W2358825988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,64],"this":[1,65],"paper,":[2,66],"we":[3,71],"provide":[4],"a":[5,20,42,187,210,251],"solution":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8],"fast":[9],"Fourier":[10],"Transform":[11],"(FFT)":[12],"for":[13,67,78,125,136,186,209,223,278],"frequency":[14,96],"detection":[15,132,165,303],"and":[16,41,47,51,61,90,103,111,133,142,200,228,250,282],"interference":[17,134,286],"analysis":[18,135,291],"in":[19,88,226,304],"non-line-of-sight":[21],"(NLOS)":[22],"multiple-input":[23],"multiple-output":[24],"(MIMO)":[25],"optical":[26],"camera":[27,43,190],"communications":[28],"(OCC)":[29],"link.":[30],"The":[31,219],"proposed":[32,289],"NLOS":[33,76,155],"MIMO-OCC":[34,77],"uses":[35],"two":[36,79,83,224],"organic":[37],"light-emitting":[38],"diodes":[39],"(OLEDs)":[40],"as":[44,57],"transmitters":[45],"(Txs)":[46],"the":[48,68,73,93,152,175,201,279,288,306],"receiver,":[49],"respectively,":[50],"reflections":[52],"from":[53],"various":[54],"surfaces":[55],"such":[56],"plain":[58,280],"wall,":[59],"paper":[60,283],"wooden":[62],"surfaces.":[63],"first":[69,157],"time,":[70],"analyze":[72,151],"performance":[74,153],"of":[75,109,154,174,189,239,247,254,264,275],"indoor":[80],"scenarios":[81],"utilizing":[82],"OLED":[84],"Txs":[85,170],"that":[86,222],"are":[87,107],"phase":[89,110,227],"modulated":[91],"at":[92,139,231,268],"same":[94],"modulation":[95],"<inline-formula":[97,114,126,143,159,179,193,203,212,232,241,257,269,297],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[98,115,127,144,160,180,194,204,213,233,242,258,270,298],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[99,116,128,145,161,181,195,205,214,234,243,259,271,299],"<tex-math":[100,117,129,146,162,182,196,206,215,235,244,260,272,300],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$f_{s}$":[101,118,130,147,163,216,273,301],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[102,119,131,148,164,185,199,208,217,238,246,263,274,302],"especially":[104],"when":[105],"they":[106],"out":[108,123],"under":[112],"different":[113,140,229],".":[120,149,218],"We":[121],"carry":[122],"FFT":[124,290],"OLEDs":[137,225],"operating":[138],"phases":[141,230],"To":[150],"MIMO-OCC,":[156],"FFT-based":[158],"is":[166,266],"performed":[167],"to":[168],"identify":[169],"followed":[171],"by":[172],"evaluation":[173],"reception":[176],"success":[177],"rates":[178],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R_{\\mathrm":[183,261],"{rs}}$":[184,262],"range":[188],"exposure":[191],"times":[192],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$t_{\\exp":[197,236],"}$":[198,237],"gain":[202],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$G_{v}$":[207,245],"given":[211],"results":[220],"show":[221],"1500,":[240],"45":[248],"dB":[249],"link":[252],"span":[253],"2":[255],"m,":[256],"94%":[265],"achieved":[267],"600":[276],"Hz":[277],"wall":[281],"reflectors.":[284],"For":[285],"analysis,":[287],"gives":[292],"accurate,":[293],"i.e.,":[294],"100":[295],"%":[296],"all":[305],"above":[307],"cases.":[308]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}