{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400525341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546","title":"A Miniaturized High-Gain Multi-Beam Lens Antenna Based on Quasi-Conformal Transformation Optics","display_name":"A Miniaturized High-Gain Multi-Beam Lens Antenna Based on Quasi-Conformal Transformation Optics","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400525341","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3426546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042432293","display_name":"Miao Lv","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425562","display_name":"Li Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-7665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636049","display_name":"Mengyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101720806","display_name":"Fanchao Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanchao Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Global Big Data Technologies Centre (GBDTC), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1513-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Global Big Data Technologies Centre (GBDTC), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shaoli Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoli Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083482326","display_name":"Zhiya Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8511"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Ya Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5305-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114160034","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-8301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi’an, China","CETC Key Laboratory of Data Link Technology, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The 20th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CETC Key Laboratory of Data Link Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101994751","display_name":"Tong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8935-1629"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Radar Detection and Sensing, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.12,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92318593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"105178","last_page":"105186"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10245","display_name":"Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11723","display_name":"Optical Coatings and Gratings","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luneburg-lens","display_name":"Luneburg lens","score":0.9542553424835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.6215314865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.5967666506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5551055073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-antenna","display_name":"Conformal antenna","score":0.5415189266204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.5013785362243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.47037047147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation-optics","display_name":"Transformation optics","score":0.456308513879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.4203762710094452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35694101452827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial-antenna","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","score":0.20749467611312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metamaterial","display_name":"Metamaterial","score":0.20255595445632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19290760159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.061714500188827515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780081114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739536","display_name":"Luneburg lens","level":3,"score":0.9542553424835205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6215314865112305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5967666506767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5551055073738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182697305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160244","display_name":"Conformal antenna","level":5,"score":0.5415189266204834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.5013785362243652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.47037047147750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87161607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7834091","display_name":"Transformation optics","level":3,"score":0.456308513879776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4203762710094452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35694101452827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93130614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5138671","display_name":"Coaxial antenna","level":4,"score":0.20749467611312866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110367647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q497166","display_name":"Metamaterial","level":2,"score":0.20255595445632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19290760159492493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.061714500188827515}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3426546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4d10fc3f4840428ca92f43d9d3996637","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4d10fc3f4840428ca92f43d9d3996637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 105178-105186 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3426546","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3426546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2618488057","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966645219","https://openalex.org/W1995796806","https://openalex.org/W1999431731","https://openalex.org/W2009167701","https://openalex.org/W2025319892","https://openalex.org/W2037310327","https://openalex.org/W2048377078","https://openalex.org/W2051538311","https://openalex.org/W2064297596","https://openalex.org/W2072874721","https://openalex.org/W2087246914","https://openalex.org/W2097824835","https://openalex.org/W2109330561","https://openalex.org/W2112843725","https://openalex.org/W2147484519","https://openalex.org/W2156526722","https://openalex.org/W2410264760","https://openalex.org/W2412181421","https://openalex.org/W2597359028","https://openalex.org/W2762396182","https://openalex.org/W2794088815","https://openalex.org/W2796188611","https://openalex.org/W2898730703","https://openalex.org/W2900429435","https://openalex.org/W2904913108","https://openalex.org/W2913541158","https://openalex.org/W2980148581","https://openalex.org/W2980511561","https://openalex.org/W2991136332","https://openalex.org/W2995661858","https://openalex.org/W3014383462","https://openalex.org/W3041470294","https://openalex.org/W3046012931","https://openalex.org/W3086120890","https://openalex.org/W3161051488","https://openalex.org/W3192207709","https://openalex.org/W4249287217","https://openalex.org/W4312495499","https://openalex.org/W4386180349","https://openalex.org/W6630945551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018703167","https://openalex.org/W1169416164","https://openalex.org/W4248605033","https://openalex.org/W2189038570","https://openalex.org/W4200131172","https://openalex.org/W3022048083","https://openalex.org/W3188019418","https://openalex.org/W4366966515","https://openalex.org/W2030273949","https://openalex.org/W2532616386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,41,45,52,81,101,103,117,148],"design":[4],"of":[5,48,54,87,114,142,150],"a":[6,18,59,68,73,84,111,123,138,154],"novel":[7],"multi-beam":[8],"Luneburg":[9,70],"lens":[10,24,71,133],"antenna":[11,63,66,98,104,136],"with":[12,72],"specific":[13],"dielectric":[14],"structure":[15],"and":[16,44,83,146],"proposes":[17],"new":[19],"solution":[20],"for":[21],"downsizing":[22],"planar":[23,132],"antennas.":[25],"The":[26,65],"quasi-conformal":[27],"transformation":[28,38],"optics":[29],"(QCTO)":[30],"principle":[31],"is":[32],"applied":[33],"to":[34,130],"achieve":[35],"an":[36],"equivalent":[37,75],"relation":[39],"between":[40],"spatial":[42],"coordinate":[43],"electromagnetic":[46,55],"properties":[47],"material,":[49],"effectively":[50],"preserving":[51],"behavior":[53],"waves":[56],"while":[57],"achieving":[58],"significant":[60],"reduction":[61,139],"in":[62,116,140],"size.":[64],"comprises":[67],"deformed":[69],"radius":[74],"to$3.75\\lambda":[76],"$,":[77],"metal":[78],"plates":[79],"flanking":[80],"lens,":[82],"linear":[85,155],"array":[86],"seven":[88,107],"microstrip":[89],"antennas":[90],"operating":[91],"at":[92],"10":[93],"GHz.":[94],"By":[95],"selectively":[96],"activating":[97],"elements":[99],"within":[100],"array,":[102],"can":[105],"generate":[106],"distinct":[108],"beams,":[109],"enabling":[110],"scanning":[112],"range":[113],"\u00b130\u00b0":[115],"azimuth":[118],"plane.":[119],"Each":[120],"beam":[121],"achieves":[122],"gain":[124],"exceeding":[125],"15":[126],"dBi.":[127],"In":[128],"comparison":[129],"traditional":[131],"antennas,":[134],"this":[135],"boasts":[137],"size":[141],"more":[143],"than":[144],"30%":[145],"has":[147],"flexibility":[149],"being":[151],"fed":[152],"using":[153],"array.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}