{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400228991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107","title":"An Ethical Behavioral Decision Algorithm Awaring of VRUs for Autonomous Vehicle Trajectory Planning","display_name":"An Ethical Behavioral Decision Algorithm Awaring of VRUs for Autonomous Vehicle Trajectory Planning","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400228991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3422107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083370893","display_name":"Xiangyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3617-5667"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3617-5667","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jielin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9954-5782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67001856","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00fjzqj15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67001856"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jielin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9954-5782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67001856"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102809497","display_name":"Kai Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-2978"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","Hunan Key Laboratory of Smart Roadway and Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4297-2978","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Smart Roadway and Cooperative Vehicle-Infrastructure Systems, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54199356,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"91541","last_page":"91550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9904000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5757625102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimax","display_name":"Minimax","score":0.5325609445571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5084985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm","display_name":"Harm","score":0.5003859996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safer","display_name":"SAFER","score":0.48568567633628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.4813276529312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4004823565483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.35836315155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24077194929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.21327009797096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18105792999267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1547570824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.13050633668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11616387963294983}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5757625102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149728462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751319","display_name":"Minimax","level":2,"score":0.5325609445571899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5084985494613647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5003859996795654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776654903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601463","display_name":"SAFER","level":2,"score":0.48568567633628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.4813276529312134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4004823565483093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.35836315155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24077194929122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.21327009797096252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18105792999267578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1547570824623108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.13050633668899536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11616387963294983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3422107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2614463cbaaa48c8be0bd4edffda6910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2614463cbaaa48c8be0bd4edffda6910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 91541-91550 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3422107","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3422107","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2920192431","https://openalex.org/W3116784267","https://openalex.org/W3122875934","https://openalex.org/W3155745143","https://openalex.org/W4205518878","https://openalex.org/W4210484448","https://openalex.org/W4225931110","https://openalex.org/W4226185981","https://openalex.org/W4226316432","https://openalex.org/W4288487766","https://openalex.org/W4297819493","https://openalex.org/W4318982572","https://openalex.org/W4323338412","https://openalex.org/W4385302116","https://openalex.org/W4386951044","https://openalex.org/W4388485862","https://openalex.org/W4388983823","https://openalex.org/W4390546595","https://openalex.org/W4390701089","https://openalex.org/W4390725789","https://openalex.org/W4390746271","https://openalex.org/W4391558361","https://openalex.org/W4391768747","https://openalex.org/W4391927500","https://openalex.org/W4391935169","https://openalex.org/W4392198618","https://openalex.org/W4393126055"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4230063333","https://openalex.org/W4238355463","https://openalex.org/W1498800420","https://openalex.org/W1515663861","https://openalex.org/W2085855985","https://openalex.org/W2042788600","https://openalex.org/W2007572891","https://openalex.org/W3013707207","https://openalex.org/W2108420737","https://openalex.org/W2775420868"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,21,87,101,130],"advancement":[1],"in":[2,32,83,108,115,118,124],"autonomous":[3,28,50,72,80,142,160],"vehicle":[4,73,81],"technology\u2019s":[5],"independence":[6],"and":[7,45,99,111],"ethical":[8,54,64,150],"considerations":[9],"have":[10],"led":[11,103],"to":[12,52,76,104],"the":[13,16,25,46,125,135,141,156],"development":[14],"of":[15,18,23,27,39,69,159],"field":[17],"machine":[19],"ethics.":[20],"issue":[22],"ensuring":[24],"safety":[26],"vehicles":[29,51],"for":[30,71,155],"usage":[31],"real-world":[33],"traffic":[34],"is":[35,57],"currently":[36],"a":[37,84,105,112],"topic":[38],"extensive":[40],"discussion":[41],"among":[42],"society,":[43],"industry,":[44],"scientific":[47],"community.":[48],"Enabling":[49],"make":[53],"behavioral":[55,65,151],"decisions":[56],"constantly":[58],"emphasized.":[59],"This":[60,146],"work":[61,147],"provides":[62],"an":[63],"decision":[66,152],"algorithm":[67,153],"awaring":[68],"VRUs":[70],"trajectory":[74],"planning":[75],"allocate":[77],"risk":[78,94,96,110,128],"during":[79],"driving":[82,144],"sensible":[85],"manner.":[86],"principles":[88],"include":[89],"maximum":[90],"acceptable":[91],"risk,":[92],"vulnerability":[93],"adjustment,":[95],"minimization,":[97],"distance,":[98],"maximin.":[100],"methods":[102],"90.6%":[106],"decrease":[107,114],"average":[109],"95.18%":[113],"cumulative":[116],"harm":[117],"typical":[119],"scenarios,":[120],"with":[121],"notable":[122],"reductions":[123],"highest":[126],"roadway":[127],"values.":[129],"simulation":[131],"demonstrates":[132],"that":[133],"modifying":[134],"weight":[136],"parameters":[137],"can":[138],"significantly":[139],"impact":[140],"vehicle\u2019s":[143],"characteristics.":[145],"considers":[148],"this":[149],"crucial":[154],"widespread":[157],"acceptance":[158],"vehicles.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}