{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400111284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707","title":"Quantum Natural Language Processing: A Comprehensive Survey","display_name":"Quantum Natural Language Processing: A Comprehensive Survey","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400111284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3420707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034532912","display_name":"Charles M. Varmantchaonala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5356-4048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles M. Varmantchaonala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound&#x00E9;r&#x00E9;, Ngaoundere, Cameroon"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaound&#x00E9;r&#x00E9;, Ngaoundere, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071649871","display_name":"Jean Louis Ebongue Kedieng Fendji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-6981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26092322","display_name":"Stellenbosch University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bk57929","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59196294","display_name":"University of Ngaound\u00e9r\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq1d339","country_code":"CM","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]}],"countries":["CM","ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Louis K. E. Fendji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaound&#x00E9;r&#x00E9;, Ngaoundere, Cameroon","Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9803-6981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, University Institute of Technology, University of Ngaound&#x00E9;r&#x00E9;, Ngaoundere, Cameroon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59196294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study (STIAS), Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26092322"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007337566","display_name":"Julius Sch\u00f6ning","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4921-5179"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julius Sch\u00f6ning","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Osnabr&#x00FC;ck University of Applied Sciences, Osnabr&#x00FC;ck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4921-5179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science, Osnabr&#x00FC;ck University of Applied Sciences, Osnabr&#x00FC;ck, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090363326","display_name":"Marcellin Atemkeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-3885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I203238179","display_name":"Rhodes University","ror":"https://ror.org/016sewp10","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcellin Atemkeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-3885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I203238179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5229,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9511364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"99578","last_page":"99598"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9674000144004822,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8289036750793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5827459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49972057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.48784971237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4749983549118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4537993371486664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.4394811689853668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.43833035230636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4105730354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39872580766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3680247962474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0825471580028534}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8289036750793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5827459096908569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49972057342529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.48784971237182617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4749983549118042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4537993371486664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4394811689853668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.43833035230636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4105730354785919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39872580766677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3680247962474823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0825471580028534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3420707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.hs-osnabrueck.de:7412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://opus.bsz-bw.de/hsos/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7412","pdf_url":"https://opus.bsz-bw.de/hsos/files/7412/A_Comprehensive_Survey.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196658","display_name":"Library Osnabr\u00fcck University (Hochschule Osnabr\u00fcck)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210159638","host_organization_name":"Hochschule Osnabr\u00fcck","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159638"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40b6660826394f918708723c9431de4c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40b6660826394f918708723c9431de4c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 99578-99598 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3420707","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3420707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":138,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1577302096","https://openalex.org/W1635512741","https://openalex.org/W1926201870","https://openalex.org/W2007105730","https://openalex.org/W2027926771","https://openalex.org/W2077302143","https://openalex.org/W2146334809","https://openalex.org/W2160416736","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2251818205","https://openalex.org/W2286430882","https://openalex.org/W2491030916","https://openalex.org/W2525058744","https://openalex.org/W2562234976","https://openalex.org/W2606089314","https://openalex.org/W2756668352","https://openalex.org/W2784311771","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2808979145","https://openalex.org/W2889425359","https://openalex.org/W2892366441","https://openalex.org/W2904594696","https://openalex.org/W2912656543","https://openalex.org/W2963686995","https://openalex.org/W2984601129","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W2993873509","https://openalex.org/W2997326604","https://openalex.org/W2998653236","https://openalex.org/W3004950521","https://openalex.org/W3009431628","https://openalex.org/W3017120257","https://openalex.org/W3019577029","https://openalex.org/W3021421569","https://openalex.org/W3034852973","https://openalex.org/W3044693911","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3046484722","https://openalex.org/W3089618526","https://openalex.org/W3093423793","https://openalex.org/W3104962094","https://openalex.org/W3109010114","https://openalex.org/W3118866989","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3127817633","https://openalex.org/W3130183867","https://openalex.org/W3135028703","https://openalex.org/W3142513648","https://openalex.org/W3171439077","https://openalex.org/W3173188814","https://openalex.org/W3190730109","https://openalex.org/W3198428224","https://openalex.org/W3205114111","https://openalex.org/W3205418336","https://openalex.org/W3213631291","https://openalex.org/W3214241479","https://openalex.org/W4200621898","https://openalex.org/W4210682765","https://openalex.org/W4211080241","https://openalex.org/W4221167764","https://openalex.org/W4226456504","https://openalex.org/W4226510082","https://openalex.org/W4281561217","https://openalex.org/W4281632042","https://openalex.org/W4285201706","https://openalex.org/W4286239306","https://openalex.org/W4286908223","https://openalex.org/W4287556403","https://openalex.org/W4290855837","https://openalex.org/W4293406484","https://openalex.org/W4294170691","https://openalex.org/W4294221637","https://openalex.org/W4297683418","https://openalex.org/W4298392952","https://openalex.org/W4300988299","https://openalex.org/W4301187342","https://openalex.org/W4307206630","https://openalex.org/W4313558932","https://openalex.org/W4313830797","https://openalex.org/W4320727587","https://openalex.org/W4323313312","https://openalex.org/W4323557134","https://openalex.org/W4365504435","https://openalex.org/W4366090965","https://openalex.org/W4366594995","https://openalex.org/W4366989525","https://openalex.org/W4367179115","https://openalex.org/W4367663152","https://openalex.org/W4375958083","https://openalex.org/W4376983366","https://openalex.org/W4378574344","https://openalex.org/W4379274433","https://openalex.org/W4379525952","https://openalex.org/W4384817778","https://openalex.org/W4385342469","https://openalex.org/W4386172895","https://openalex.org/W4388053707","https://openalex.org/W4388667710","https://openalex.org/W4389009460","https://openalex.org/W4391136507","https://openalex.org/W4391535577","https://openalex.org/W4392560337","https://openalex.org/W4392894924","https://openalex.org/W4392942785","https://openalex.org/W4394721639","https://openalex.org/W4402618489","https://openalex.org/W6608310390","https://openalex.org/W6632732432","https://openalex.org/W6678170489","https://openalex.org/W6678656546","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6748683284","https://openalex.org/W6750665317","https://openalex.org/W6751425476","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6755541679","https://openalex.org/W6757997384","https://openalex.org/W6759101772","https://openalex.org/W6766265545","https://openalex.org/W6769686057","https://openalex.org/W6770371802","https://openalex.org/W6771984780","https://openalex.org/W6773060661","https://openalex.org/W6774338567","https://openalex.org/W6787260590","https://openalex.org/W6790403108","https://openalex.org/W6802459134","https://openalex.org/W6802888284","https://openalex.org/W6804298625","https://openalex.org/W6811631654","https://openalex.org/W6841816460","https://openalex.org/W6850766220","https://openalex.org/W6851054131","https://openalex.org/W6852326057","https://openalex.org/W6853601945","https://openalex.org/W6874946003","https://openalex.org/W6969377685"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2849310602","https://openalex.org/W3006008237","https://openalex.org/W2013985456","https://openalex.org/W2951564084","https://openalex.org/W4302984940","https://openalex.org/W2776807270","https://openalex.org/W2392685819"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"using":[1],"the":[2,25,31,52,81,97,129,142,165,170],"quantum":[3,6,103,123,132,147],"mechanics":[4],"phenomenon,":[5],"computers":[7],"provide":[8],"a":[9,108],"new":[10,119],"dimension":[11],"of":[12,24,34,70,83,89,99,117,131,152],"computational":[13,73],"power":[14,33,74],"that":[15,167],"drastically":[16],"accelerates":[17],"solving":[18],"complex":[19],"and":[20,56,63,72,93,96,149],"resource-intensive":[21],"problems.":[22],"One":[23],"most":[26],"evolving":[27],"but,":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,48,54,169],"computation":[32,104],"standard":[35],"computers,":[36],"reasonably":[37],"limited":[38],"application":[39],"domain":[40],"is":[41,156,164],"natural":[42,124],"language":[43,125],"processing":[44,126],"(NLP).":[45],"NLP":[46,101,139],"seeks":[47],"give":[49],"interactive":[50],"systems":[51,61],"ability":[53],"understand":[55,62],"manipulate":[57,64],"human":[58,65],"language.":[59],"Making":[60],"languages":[66],"requires":[67],"large":[68],"amounts":[69,88],"data":[71,90],"during":[75,80],"learning":[76],"as":[77,79,107,122],"well":[78],"execution":[82],"NLP.":[84],"For":[85],"handling":[86],"these":[87],"like":[91],"text":[92],"audio":[94],"recordings":[95],"complexity":[98],"classical":[100],"algorithms,":[102,148],"has":[105],"emerged":[106],"promising":[109],"solution.":[110],"This":[111],"work":[112],"gives":[113],"an":[114],"extensive":[115],"overview":[116,163],"this":[118,161],"field,":[120],"known":[121],"(QNLP).":[127],"Introducing":[128],"basics":[130],"computing,":[133],"we":[134],"discuss":[135],"its":[136,159],"use":[137],"in":[138,158],"by":[140],"explaining":[141],"different":[143],"proposed":[144],"embedding":[145],"models,":[146],"other":[150],"methods":[151],"QNLP.":[153],"As":[154],"QNLP":[155],"still":[157],"infancy,":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"foundation":[166],"points":[168],"upcoming":[171],"research":[172],"direction.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
