{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399800820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838","title":"A Survey of Decision Trees: Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications","display_name":"A Survey of Decision Trees: Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399800820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036808970","display_name":"Ibomoiye Domor Mienye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9353-8894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ibomoiye Domor Mienye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Buffalo City Campus, East London, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Buffalo City Campus, East London, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065020989","display_name":"Nobert Jere","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8966-2753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92579986","display_name":"Walter Sisulu University","ror":"https://ror.org/02svzjn28","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nobert Jere","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Buffalo City Campus, East London, South Africa"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Walter Sisulu University, Buffalo City Campus, East London, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036808970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92579986"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":197.9234,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":253,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99992666,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"86716","last_page":"86727"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.6144999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.6144999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7101154327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5623893737792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4268467128276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2630429267883301}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7101154327392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5623893737792969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4268467128276825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2630429267883301}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c30bce970a44118a7668254bf75b1ba","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c30bce970a44118a7668254bf75b1ba","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 86716-86727 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416838","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416838","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14024944","https://openalex.org/W129383413","https://openalex.org/W1970902974","https://openalex.org/W1980527197","https://openalex.org/W2016544456","https://openalex.org/W2053812493","https://openalex.org/W2075643013","https://openalex.org/W2098238896","https://openalex.org/W2123998733","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2143481518","https://openalex.org/W2153476503","https://openalex.org/W2413832562","https://openalex.org/W2500727120","https://openalex.org/W2549551440","https://openalex.org/W2604736517","https://openalex.org/W2789304371","https://openalex.org/W2888823774","https://openalex.org/W2889223999","https://openalex.org/W2898153843","https://openalex.org/W2921342200","https://openalex.org/W2952609086","https://openalex.org/W2953079191","https://openalex.org/W2958026736","https://openalex.org/W2961766737","https://openalex.org/W2967078206","https://openalex.org/W2971771156","https://openalex.org/W2984062413","https://openalex.org/W2994515746","https://openalex.org/W3006426972","https://openalex.org/W3014082649","https://openalex.org/W3014245704","https://openalex.org/W3014985883","https://openalex.org/W3024400626","https://openalex.org/W3035508016","https://openalex.org/W3045991306","https://openalex.org/W3047647423","https://openalex.org/W3048817558","https://openalex.org/W3095595608","https://openalex.org/W3096019139","https://openalex.org/W3097292150","https://openalex.org/W3102872052","https://openalex.org/W3117160760","https://openalex.org/W3121453273","https://openalex.org/W3135468375","https://openalex.org/W3137189852","https://openalex.org/W3146518000","https://openalex.org/W3162222846","https://openalex.org/W3169069422","https://openalex.org/W3172070743","https://openalex.org/W3173150251","https://openalex.org/W3175512644","https://openalex.org/W3178451603","https://openalex.org/W3188266647","https://openalex.org/W3189177807","https://openalex.org/W3205154884","https://openalex.org/W3208638197","https://openalex.org/W3214439486","https://openalex.org/W3216907503","https://openalex.org/W4200105506","https://openalex.org/W4207058779","https://openalex.org/W4210629767","https://openalex.org/W4211229275","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4213311745","https://openalex.org/W4220955956","https://openalex.org/W4224037372","https://openalex.org/W4226187502","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4283734544","https://openalex.org/W4295767686","https://openalex.org/W4296079469","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4304098281","https://openalex.org/W4319988486","https://openalex.org/W4323075499","https://openalex.org/W4360595055","https://openalex.org/W4378194920","https://openalex.org/W4379117034","https://openalex.org/W4384787750","https://openalex.org/W4385080673","https://openalex.org/W4386318992","https://openalex.org/W4387187592","https://openalex.org/W4389274811","https://openalex.org/W4389491886","https://openalex.org/W4390659221","https://openalex.org/W4393106216","https://openalex.org/W4394712766","https://openalex.org/W4396689872","https://openalex.org/W6795767047","https://openalex.org/W6848451824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1],"(ML)":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"instrumental":[5],"in":[6,71,125,134],"solving":[7],"complex":[8],"problems":[9],"and":[10,36,62,65,74,81,90,108,120,137],"significantly":[11],"advancing":[12],"different":[13],"areas":[14],"of":[15,29,44,85],"our":[16],"lives.":[17],"Decision":[18],"tree-based":[19,110],"methods":[20],"have":[21],"gained":[22],"significant":[23],"popularity":[24],"among":[25],"the":[26,48,57,72,86],"diverse":[27],"range":[28],"ML":[30,79],"algorithms":[31,61,87],"due":[32],"to":[33,56,78],"their":[34,53,63],"simplicity":[35],"interpretability.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"presents":[40],"a":[41],"comprehensive":[42],"overview":[43],"decision":[45,118],"trees,":[46,107,119],"including":[47],"core":[49],"concepts,":[50],"algorithms,":[51,112],"applications,":[52],"early":[54],"development":[55],"recent":[58,126],"high-performing":[59],"ensemble":[60,111],"mathematical":[64],"algorithmic":[66],"representations,":[67],"which":[68],"are":[69],"lacking":[70],"literature":[73,127],"will":[75],"be":[76],"beneficial":[77],"researchers":[80],"industry":[82],"experts.":[83],"Some":[84],"include":[88],"classification":[89],"regression":[91],"tree":[92],"(CART),":[93],"Iterative":[94],"Dichotomiser":[95],"3":[96],"(ID3),":[97],"C4.5,":[98],"C5.0,":[99],"Chi-squared":[100],"Automatic":[101],"Interaction":[102],"Detection":[103],"(CHAID),":[104],"conditional":[105],"inference":[106],"other":[109],"such":[113],"as":[114],"random":[115],"forest,":[116],"gradient-boosted":[117],"rotation":[121],"forest.":[122],"Their":[123],"utilisation":[124],"is":[128],"also":[129],"discussed,":[130],"focusing":[131],"on":[132],"applications":[133],"medical":[135],"diagnosis":[136],"fraud":[138],"detection.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":183},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
