{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399767674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370","title":"Situation Awareness in AI-Based Technologies and Multimodal Systems: Architectures, Challenges and Applications","display_name":"Situation Awareness in AI-Based Technologies and Multimodal Systems: Architectures, Challenges and Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399767674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024176109","display_name":"Jieli Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jieli Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8883-4407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111525101","display_name":"Kah Phooi Seng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Phooi Seng","raw_affiliation_strings":["XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xian Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003757015","display_name":"Jeremy S. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0212-2365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146655781","display_name":"University of Liverpool","ror":"https://ror.org/04xs57h96","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146655781"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073635669","display_name":"Li-Minn Ang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-7529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","display_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/016gb9e15","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Minn Ang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Science, University of Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2402-7529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Science, University of Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024176109"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.3292,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570975,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"88779","last_page":"88818"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11622","display_name":"Maritime Navigation and Safety","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7170796394348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44173464179039}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7170796394348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44173464179039}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e0e7f26426045e6a9ead171bc037f4f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e0e7f26426045e6a9ead171bc037f4f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 88779-88818 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3416370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3416370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":206,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17263963","https://openalex.org/W177627469","https://openalex.org/W641710284","https://openalex.org/W1591801644","https://openalex.org/W1914092751","https://openalex.org/W1947251450","https://openalex.org/W1964919307","https://openalex.org/W1966107190","https://openalex.org/W1968981851","https://openalex.org/W1989989210","https://openalex.org/W2034315537","https://openalex.org/W2036721747","https://openalex.org/W2071086297","https://openalex.org/W2075755417","https://openalex.org/W2080756123","https://openalex.org/W2089367555","https://openalex.org/W2105119992","https://openalex.org/W2105779913","https://openalex.org/W2109347872","https://openalex.org/W2110017066","https://openalex.org/W2110056900","https://openalex.org/W2123633299","https://openalex.org/W2125514280","https://openalex.org/W2132023703","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2161486352","https://openalex.org/W2246965779","https://openalex.org/W2277195237","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2289489219","https://openalex.org/W2290443447","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2327261103","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2396184965","https://openalex.org/W2461010048","https://openalex.org/W2469333945","https://openalex.org/W2481401919","https://openalex.org/W2530271030","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2560609797","https://openalex.org/W2571151646","https://openalex.org/W2587124329","https://openalex.org/W2587648059","https://openalex.org/W2606860844","https://openalex.org/W2739274542","https://openalex.org/W2740052274","https://openalex.org/W2765911599","https://openalex.org/W2768596352","https://openalex.org/W2771198169","https://openalex.org/W2774839435","https://openalex.org/W2783506914","https://openalex.org/W2789244099","https://openalex.org/W2798683079","https://openalex.org/W2885650385","https://openalex.org/W2905194581","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915023623","https://openalex.org/W2916434082","https://openalex.org/W2924860851","https://openalex.org/W2936331919","https://openalex.org/W2937423263","https://openalex.org/W2940730057","https://openalex.org/W2942723925","https://openalex.org/W2951145066","https://openalex.org/W2959675813","https://openalex.org/W2960924370","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2962862931","https://openalex.org/W2962888833","https://openalex.org/W2962912109","https://openalex.org/W2963400571","https://openalex.org/W2963892972","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2966715458","https://openalex.org/W2968557240","https://openalex.org/W2972852318","https://openalex.org/W2981774933","https://openalex.org/W2984195658","https://openalex.org/W2995340703","https://openalex.org/W2998798568","https://openalex.org/W2998997307","https://openalex.org/W3004664793","https://openalex.org/W3006802933","https://openalex.org/W3008528105","https://openalex.org/W3013623116","https://openalex.org/W3014641072","https://openalex.org/W3016515144","https://openalex.org/W3024364735","https://openalex.org/W3026329137","https://openalex.org/W3034897750","https://openalex.org/W3035172746","https://openalex.org/W3035207996","https://openalex.org/W3035709245","https://openalex.org/W3037516288","https://openalex.org/W3039300052","https://openalex.org/W3042728352","https://openalex.org/W3048573213","https://openalex.org/W3086911381","https://openalex.org/W3089916726","https://openalex.org/W3091001089","https://openalex.org/W3092450589","https://openalex.org/W3093199520","https://openalex.org/W3098481019","https://openalex.org/W3103559770","https://openalex.org/W3105625590","https://openalex.org/W3106226785","https://openalex.org/W3106988886","https://openalex.org/W3109944402","https://openalex.org/W3112885960","https://openalex.org/W3116581862","https://openalex.org/W3122490299","https://openalex.org/W3124962352","https://openalex.org/W3130897078","https://openalex.org/W3132521868","https://openalex.org/W3135028640","https://openalex.org/W3135402553","https://openalex.org/W3137991997","https://openalex.org/W3142351219","https://openalex.org/W3144619499","https://openalex.org/W3148438775","https://openalex.org/W3149150147","https://openalex.org/W3174752098","https://openalex.org/W3175355179","https://openalex.org/W3175747648","https://openalex.org/W3178782406","https://openalex.org/W3184735396","https://openalex.org/W3194730353","https://openalex.org/W3197553364","https://openalex.org/W3200002721","https://openalex.org/W3204394763","https://openalex.org/W3206036149","https://openalex.org/W3209562871","https://openalex.org/W3212439178","https://openalex.org/W3214886350","https://openalex.org/W3215089989","https://openalex.org/W4206619646","https://openalex.org/W4210569522","https://openalex.org/W4210981828","https://openalex.org/W4213286046","https://openalex.org/W4214830197","https://openalex.org/W4220910551","https://openalex.org/W4221040219","https://openalex.org/W4225487034","https://openalex.org/W4226176436","https://openalex.org/W4226198779","https://openalex.org/W4226213199","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4281606617","https://openalex.org/W4285029752","https://openalex.org/W4285212114","https://openalex.org/W4285296268","https://openalex.org/W4285495920","https://openalex.org/W4285820252","https://openalex.org/W4285891275","https://openalex.org/W4286572057","https://openalex.org/W4288020654","https://openalex.org/W4288442909","https://openalex.org/W4288779706","https://openalex.org/W4288783441","https://openalex.org/W4289535158","https://openalex.org/W4292971627","https://openalex.org/W4293765866","https://openalex.org/W4294310789","https://openalex.org/W4297957988","https://openalex.org/W4307910030","https://openalex.org/W4308336203","https://openalex.org/W4310108479","https://openalex.org/W4312625018","https://openalex.org/W4312997264","https://openalex.org/W4313062088","https://openalex.org/W4313063018","https://openalex.org/W4313137361","https://openalex.org/W4313291231","https://openalex.org/W4313340670","https://openalex.org/W4316021911","https://openalex.org/W4319459199","https://openalex.org/W4320712968","https://openalex.org/W4361029924","https://openalex.org/W4366085876","https://openalex.org/W4366386371","https://openalex.org/W4379932833","https://openalex.org/W4381328400","https://openalex.org/W4381997520","https://openalex.org/W4382119270","https://openalex.org/W4385223461","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385696625","https://openalex.org/W4385834506","https://openalex.org/W4386266809","https://openalex.org/W4386926034","https://openalex.org/W4388378692","https://openalex.org/W4388692115","https://openalex.org/W4388933739","https://openalex.org/W6635446068","https://openalex.org/W6637523461","https://openalex.org/W6732665253","https://openalex.org/W6737947904","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6746311596","https://openalex.org/W6766904570","https://openalex.org/W6771401702","https://openalex.org/W6798805250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Situation":[0],"Awareness":[1],"(SA)":[2],"is":[3,14,89],"a":[4,34,40,82,120],"process":[5],"of":[6,23,33,51,69,84,102,136],"sensing,":[7],"understanding":[8],"and":[9,13,32,43,62,71,78,86,95,105,112,127,140,145,156,166],"predicting":[10],"the":[11,26,48,100,137],"environment":[12,27],"an":[15,67],"important":[16],"component":[17],"in":[18,81,114,123],"complex":[19,115],"systems.":[20,116],"The":[21],"reception":[22],"information":[24],"from":[25],"tends":[28],"to":[29,75,151],"be":[30],"continuous":[31],"multimodal":[35,72,106,130,146],"nature.":[36],"AI":[37,70,144],"technologies":[38],"provide":[39],"more":[41,161,167],"efficient":[42],"robust":[44],"support":[45],"by":[46],"subdividing":[47],"different":[49],"stages":[50],"SA":[52,80],"objectives":[53],"into":[54],"tasks":[55],"such":[56],"as":[57],"data":[58],"fusion,":[59],"representation,":[60],"classification,":[61],"prediction.":[63],"This":[64,132],"paper":[65,133],"provides":[66],"overview":[68],"methods":[73],"used":[74,150],"build,":[76],"enhance":[77],"evaluate":[79],"variety":[83],"environments":[85],"applications.":[87],"Emphasis":[88],"placed":[90],"on":[91],"enhancing":[92],"perceptual":[93],"integrity":[94],"persistence.":[96],"Research":[97],"indicates":[98],"that":[99],"integration":[101],"artificial":[103],"intelligence":[104],"approaches":[107],"has":[108],"significantly":[109],"enhanced":[110],"perception":[111],"comprehension":[113],"However,":[117],"there":[118],"remains":[119],"research":[121],"gap":[122],"projecting":[124],"future":[125],"situations":[126],"effectively":[128],"fusing":[129],"information.":[131,170],"summarizes":[134],"some":[135],"use":[138],"cases":[139],"lessons":[141],"learned":[142],"where":[143],"techniques":[147],"have":[148],"been":[149],"deliver":[152],"SA.":[153],"Future":[154],"perspectives":[155],"challenges":[157],"are":[158],"proposed,":[159],"including":[160],"comprehensive":[162],"predictions,":[163],"greater":[164],"interpretability,":[165],"advanced":[168],"visual":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
