{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399727956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054","title":"Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on General Deep Forest Module","display_name":"Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on General Deep Forest Module","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399727956","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3415054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049642190","display_name":"Gang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-878X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101935685","display_name":"Yanqin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-7312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanqin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076975277","display_name":"Mo Jian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162797","display_name":"Hunan Institute of Microbiology","ror":"https://ror.org/054fkw726","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162797"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Institute of Geological Disaster Investigation and Monitoring, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Institute of Geological Disaster Investigation and Monitoring, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103016306","display_name":"Yiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0720-4642"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Dam Safety Research Center, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Dam Safety Research Center, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003474224","display_name":"Yunge Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3729-4164"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunge Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang College of Security Technology, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100396024","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3825-6365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049642190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.2548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86663716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"84815","last_page":"84829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13890","display_name":"Remote Sensing and Land Use","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9835000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6750397086143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6706036329269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/change-detection","display_name":"Change detection","score":0.5043355226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4863872826099396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.43549680709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42427945137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15496864914894104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6750397086143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6706036329269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203595873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25389927","display_name":"Change detection","level":2,"score":0.5043355226516724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4863872826099396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.43549680709838867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42427945137023926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15496864914894104}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3415054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ceb7d1afb5f14e9792e74320e494015f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ceb7d1afb5f14e9792e74320e494015f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 84815-84829 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3415054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3415054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129949951","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20221478","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329893","funder_display_name":"Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2237100054","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"hndzgczx202407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330726","funder_display_name":"National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3543171316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX2023B04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334015","funder_display_name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4695680925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4824192147","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XJ2022043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333998","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G529243474","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TJ-2023-010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334925","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7817969591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YJXGG19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334859","funder_display_name":"Foundation of the Graduate Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7959092397","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WL2023004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336615","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou, China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329893","display_name":"Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330726","display_name":"National Sugarcane Engineering Technology Research Center","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333998","display_name":"Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00xc0ma20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334015","display_name":"Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Karst Science Research Center of Guizhou Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334859","display_name":"Foundation of the Graduate Innovation Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334925","display_name":"Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/02mkqta53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336615","display_name":"Science and Technology Plan Project of Wenzhou, China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1978283872","https://openalex.org/W1997413270","https://openalex.org/W1998090842","https://openalex.org/W2015619014","https://openalex.org/W2015780366","https://openalex.org/W2036798369","https://openalex.org/W2053081714","https://openalex.org/W2076576187","https://openalex.org/W2100600375","https://openalex.org/W2107386336","https://openalex.org/W2119797204","https://openalex.org/W2131846894","https://openalex.org/W2132733568","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2221448138","https://openalex.org/W2765366036","https://openalex.org/W2792827505","https://openalex.org/W2891248708","https://openalex.org/W2896311823","https://openalex.org/W2944467232","https://openalex.org/W2945618709","https://openalex.org/W2948648905","https://openalex.org/W2956155605","https://openalex.org/W2962812282","https://openalex.org/W2967626412","https://openalex.org/W3009942016","https://openalex.org/W3015038817","https://openalex.org/W3027225766","https://openalex.org/W3037640242","https://openalex.org/W3040323135","https://openalex.org/W3102127038","https://openalex.org/W3103315784","https://openalex.org/W3119131609","https://openalex.org/W3120467244","https://openalex.org/W3130754787","https://openalex.org/W3150173897","https://openalex.org/W3176330035","https://openalex.org/W3191251640","https://openalex.org/W3217417870","https://openalex.org/W4206841460","https://openalex.org/W4220683154","https://openalex.org/W4226361741","https://openalex.org/W4232714830","https://openalex.org/W4312898625","https://openalex.org/W4313525965","https://openalex.org/W4366131864","https://openalex.org/W4384393272","https://openalex.org/W4392495605","https://openalex.org/W6629944422","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6787850641"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Remote":[0],"sensing":[1,13,68,89,224],"image":[2,69,90],"change":[3,27,70,91,111,139,225],"detection,":[4],"as":[5,31],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,26,39,122,134,137,146,157,169,201,209,244],"the":[8,83,86,102,109,119,123,135,144,153,161,167,199,202,207,210,215,232],"important":[9],"branches":[10],"remote":[12,67,88,223],"technology,":[14],"has":[15,235],"been":[16],"greatly":[17],"developed":[18],"and":[19,52,108,152,173,205],"improved":[20],"in":[21,149,178,238,246],"recent":[22],"years.":[23],"The":[24,228],"effectiveness":[25],"detection":[28,71,92,99,103,112,140,226],"is":[29,80,94,114,184,191],"unstable,":[30],"deep":[32,54,76,124,150,180,211],"learning":[33,55,181],"components":[34],"exhibit":[35],"a":[36,66,131,193],"high":[37],"degree":[38],"sensitivity":[40],"to":[41,46,100,105,129,175,213],"hyperparameters,":[42],"necessitating":[43],"substantial":[44],"fine-tuning":[45],"achieve":[47,130,214],"optimal":[48],"outcomes.":[49],"Additionally,":[50],"large":[51],"intricate":[53],"models":[56],"are":[57,218],"not":[58,192],"appropriate":[59],"for":[60,97],"smaller-scale":[61],"datasets.":[62],"In":[63,82],"this":[64,164,188],"paper,":[65],"method":[72,93,190],"based":[73],"on":[74,220],"general":[75,132,189],"forest":[77,151,212],"module":[78],"(GDFM)":[79],"proposed.":[81],"proposed":[84,233],"GDFM,":[85],"common":[87,222],"firstly":[95],"used":[96],"preliminary":[98],"obtain":[101],"result":[104,113],"be":[106],"optimized,":[107],"optimized":[110],"then":[115],"obtained":[116],"by":[117,142,249],"using":[118],"classification":[120,155],"function":[121],"forest.":[125],"This":[126],"work":[127],"aims":[128],"enhancement":[133],"performance":[136],"existing":[138],"methods":[141],"utilizing":[143],"characteristics":[145,208],"multi-grained":[147],"scanning":[148],"data":[154],"capabilities":[156],"cascaded":[158],"forests.":[159],"At":[160],"same":[162],"time,":[163],"model":[165],"alleviates":[166],"problems":[168],"parameter":[170],"tuning":[171],"complexity":[172],"inapplicability":[174],"small":[176],"datasets":[177],"additional":[179],"modules.":[182],"It":[183],"worth":[185],"noting":[186],"that":[187,231],"direct":[194],"splicing":[195],"process,":[196],"but":[197],"combines":[198],"advantages":[200],"two":[203],"parts":[204],"uses":[206],"goal.":[216],"Experiments":[217],"conducted":[219],"multiple":[221],"models.":[227],"results":[229],"show":[230],"GDFM":[234],"significant":[236],"improvements":[237],"metrics,":[239],"which":[240],"include":[241],"varying":[242],"degrees":[243],"improvement":[245],"F1":[247],"score":[248],"around":[250],"1%":[251],"-14%.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}