{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608","title":"Toward Improved Interpretability in Medical Imaging: Revealing the Disease Evidence From Chest X-Ray Images Using an Adversarial Generative Approach","display_name":"Toward Improved Interpretability in Medical Imaging: Revealing the Disease Evidence From Chest X-Ray Images Using an Adversarial Generative Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399526820","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101820861","display_name":"Xiaoli Qin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2027-7184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071017561","display_name":"Francis M. Bui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-5965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Minhthang Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-5965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008508358","display_name":"April Khademi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-0385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I530967","display_name":"Toronto Metropolitan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g13zd79","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"April Khademi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I530967"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81827337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"82002","last_page":"82014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.9374962449073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6896872520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.5777040719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.576016366481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5653275847434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.49395328760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3410540223121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32901668548583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3241850733757019}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.9374962449073792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6896872520446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.5777040719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.576016366481781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5653275847434998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.49395328760147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3410540223121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32901668548583984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3241850733757019}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6ecbc80af2bc4ed192e309a51707218d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6ecbc80af2bc4ed192e309a51707218d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 82002-82014 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306108","display_name":"U.S. Department of Transportation","ror":"https://ror.org/02xfw2e90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311377","display_name":"Toyota Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03b5tag12"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320994","display_name":"Canada Research Chairs","ror":"https://ror.org/0517h6h17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1994616650","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2502312327","https://openalex.org/W2517954747","https://openalex.org/W2525106365","https://openalex.org/W2593414223","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2616247523","https://openalex.org/W2728648333","https://openalex.org/W2735582614","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2761299546","https://openalex.org/W2792124446","https://openalex.org/W2807998381","https://openalex.org/W2914203365","https://openalex.org/W2955058313","https://openalex.org/W2956897601","https://openalex.org/W2962708065","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962825119","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963635991","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2965761874","https://openalex.org/W2981988113","https://openalex.org/W2998954342","https://openalex.org/W3045460727","https://openalex.org/W3089438819","https://openalex.org/W3092001068","https://openalex.org/W3096139539","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W3101333263","https://openalex.org/W3102564565","https://openalex.org/W3104368407","https://openalex.org/W3113367126","https://openalex.org/W3118868805","https://openalex.org/W3123686843","https://openalex.org/W4210866705","https://openalex.org/W4285307600","https://openalex.org/W4297749952","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6685352114","https://openalex.org/W6724804524","https://openalex.org/W6733862737","https://openalex.org/W6735377749","https://openalex.org/W6741832134","https://openalex.org/W6752318946","https://openalex.org/W6752378368"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2905433371","https://openalex.org/W2888392564","https://openalex.org/W4310278675","https://openalex.org/W4388422664","https://openalex.org/W4390569940","https://openalex.org/W4361193272","https://openalex.org/W2963326959","https://openalex.org/W4388685194","https://openalex.org/W4312407344","https://openalex.org/W2894289927"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"deep":[3,24],"neural":[4,25],"networks":[5,26],"have":[6],"made":[7],"significant":[8],"progress":[9],"in":[10,30],"the":[11,61,76,105,129,137,142,147,206,232],"field":[12],"of":[13,35,67,79,153],"automated":[14,31],"disease":[15,32,52,62,89,96,106,166,246],"recognition":[16],"for":[17,127,140,203],"medical":[18],"imaging.":[19],"Although":[20],"methods":[21,41],"based":[22],"on":[23,59,219],"reported":[27],"good":[28,250],"results":[29,229],"classification,":[33],"many":[34],"them":[36],"lack":[37],"output":[38],"interpretability.":[39],"Unlike":[40],"that":[42,71,100,158,175,231],"only":[43,161],"aim":[44],"at":[45],"predicting":[46],"if":[47,146],"an":[48,72,109,185,220],"input":[49,130,148],"image":[50,74,111,131],"contains":[51],"or":[53],"not,":[54],"our":[55,154,217],"work":[56],"focuses":[57],"additionally":[58],"revealing":[60],"evidence":[63,107,167,247],"and":[64,86,112,136,187,194,211,222],"offering":[65],"interpretability":[66,186],"decision-making.":[68],"We":[69,215],"assume":[70],"abnormal":[73,110,237],"is":[75,126,139,149,157,192],"additive":[77],"composition":[78],"a":[80,87,95,133,198,209],"hypothetical":[81,115],"but":[82,169],"synthesizable":[83],"normal":[84,116,134,180,210],"counterpart":[85,117],"related":[88],"effect":[90],"map.":[91],"Therefore":[92],"we":[93],"propose":[94],"decomposition":[97],"network":[98],"(DDN)":[99],"can":[101,235],"explicitly":[102],"locate,":[103],"separate":[104],"from":[108],"synthesize":[113],"this":[114],"simultaneously.":[118],"The":[119,151,228],"proposed":[120,155,233],"DDN":[121,156,234],"has":[122],"two":[123],"branches:":[124],"one":[125],"translating":[128],"to":[132,178,196,240],"image,":[135],"other":[138,254],"locating":[141],"underlying":[143],"abnormalities":[144],"accurately":[145],"abnormal.":[150],"novelty":[152],"it":[159,191],"not":[160],"provides":[162],"highly":[163],"accurate":[164],"visual":[165],"maps,":[168],"also":[170,244],"generates":[171],"corresponding":[172],"healthy":[173,241],"images":[174,239],"are":[176],"close":[177],"real":[179],"chest":[181,225],"X-rays":[182],"(CXRs).":[183],"From":[184],"user":[188],"interface":[189],"perspective,":[190],"insightful":[193],"helpful":[195],"provide":[197],"relevant":[199],"reference":[200],"(albeit":[201],"hypothetical)":[202],"better":[204],"understanding":[205],"difference":[207],"between":[208],"diseased":[212],"CXR":[213,238],"image.":[214],"evaluated":[216],"method":[218],"extensive":[221],"well-established":[223],"public":[224],"X-ray":[226],"dataset.":[227],"demonstrate":[230],"translate":[236],"CXRs":[242],"while":[243],"generating":[245],"maps":[248],"with":[249],"localization":[251],"performance":[252],"over":[253],"state-of-the-art":[255],"methods.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
