{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399526755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185","title":"Glaucoma Identification Using Convolutional Neural Networks Ensemble for Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation","display_name":"Glaucoma Identification Using Convolutional Neural Networks Ensemble for Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399526755","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033324664","display_name":"Sandra Virbukait\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-8294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Virbukait\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-8294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086429163","display_name":"Jolita Bernatavi\u010dien\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-8348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jolita Bernatavi\u010dien\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069801186","display_name":"Daiva Imbrasien\u0117","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-972X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173212132","display_name":"Vilnius University","ror":"https://ror.org/03nadee84","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daiva Imbrasien\u0117","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0226-972X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Data Science and Digital Technologies, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173212132"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.5056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98113464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"82720","last_page":"82729"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8261369466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7332433462142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma","display_name":"Glaucoma","score":0.7273392677307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-cup","display_name":"Optic cup (embryology)","score":0.6550486087799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optic-disc","display_name":"Optic disc","score":0.6188949346542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5917145013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5426698923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5318773984909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.46674826741218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4255716800689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3383943438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.25937309861183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.12086629867553711}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8261369466781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7332433462142944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.7273392677307129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96021297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098791","display_name":"Optic cup (embryology)","level":5,"score":0.6550486087799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779735895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16873995","display_name":"Optic disc","level":3,"score":0.6188949346542358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5917145013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5426698923110962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5318773984909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.46674826741218567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4255716800689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3383943438529968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.25937309861183167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.12086629867553711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114696181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422650","display_name":"Eye development","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27290bb44d134bda94644be0156dfa91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27290bb44d134bda94644be0156dfa91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 82720-82729 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lsmu.lt:20.500.12512/245942","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12512/245942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055191","display_name":"Lithuanian University of Health Sciences","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3412185","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3412185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1997259062","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2050035217","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2160605010","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2319803923","https://openalex.org/W2513367050","https://openalex.org/W2798122215","https://openalex.org/W2895333097","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2979448322","https://openalex.org/W2990556678","https://openalex.org/W2997281645","https://openalex.org/W3033274352","https://openalex.org/W3041453914","https://openalex.org/W3110220146","https://openalex.org/W3129005747","https://openalex.org/W3152497941","https://openalex.org/W3170709166","https://openalex.org/W3172550365","https://openalex.org/W3199542056","https://openalex.org/W3205570787","https://openalex.org/W4281806484","https://openalex.org/W4293064641","https://openalex.org/W4293519524","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4311646475","https://openalex.org/W4323666009","https://openalex.org/W4360603819","https://openalex.org/W4361210492","https://openalex.org/W4361278486","https://openalex.org/W4362591220","https://openalex.org/W4381679764","https://openalex.org/W4382395479","https://openalex.org/W4383198144","https://openalex.org/W4386346069","https://openalex.org/W4386714736","https://openalex.org/W4387619810","https://openalex.org/W4388269137","https://openalex.org/W4389039450","https://openalex.org/W6686164453","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6750469568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2784066334","https://openalex.org/W2779576471","https://openalex.org/W4205257730","https://openalex.org/W4319934953","https://openalex.org/W2177654152","https://openalex.org/W3047257194","https://openalex.org/W2301440315","https://openalex.org/W2534129789","https://openalex.org/W2089257677","https://openalex.org/W4323049326"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Glaucoma":[0],"is":[1,109,144,189],"one":[2],"of":[3,26,33,81,89,97,115,136,181],"the":[4,18,27,30,147,159,172,192,204,217,222,225],"diseases":[5],"that":[6],"can":[7],"cause":[8],"incurable":[9],"blindness.":[10],"The":[11,72,101,133,176],"first":[12],"noticeable":[13],"symptoms":[14],"appear":[15],"only":[16],"when":[17],"disease":[19,28,34],"has":[20,229],"progressed":[21],"but":[22],"an":[23,112],"early":[24],"diagnosis":[25],"prevents":[29],"severe":[31],"consequences":[32],"progression.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37],"paper,":[38],"we":[39],"developed":[40],"a":[41,77],"Convolutional":[42],"Neural":[43],"Networks":[44],"(CNNs)":[45],"based":[46],"ensemble":[47,73,113],"for":[48,130,138,142,152,156,165,169,183,187,197,201,210,214],"joint":[49,104],"optic":[50,54],"disc":[51],"(OD)":[52],"and":[53,84,93,106,123,127,140,154,163,167,185,199,208,212,242],"cup":[55],"(OC)":[56],"segmentation":[57,108,223],"using":[58,111],"modified":[59,116],"Attention":[60,117],"U-Net":[61,118],"architecture":[62],"with":[63,119],"pre-trained":[64,120],"ResNet34,":[65,121],"ResNet50,":[66],"MobileNet,":[67],"Inceptionv3,":[68,122],"DenseNet121":[69,124],"as":[70,125],"backbones.":[71],"was":[74],"trained":[75],"on":[76,95,146,158,171,191,203,216],"mixed":[78],"dataset":[79,99],"consisting":[80,114],"REFUGE,":[82],"Drishti-GS,":[83],"RIM-ONE":[85,173,218],"r3":[86],"(RIM-ONE)":[87],"datasets":[88],"eye":[90,234],"fundus":[91,235],"images":[92,96,236],"tested":[94],"each":[98],"separately.":[100],"most":[102],"accurate":[103],"OD":[105,139,153,166,184,198,211],"OC":[107,143,157,170,188,202,215],"achieved":[110,145,190],"backbones":[126],"majority":[128],"voting":[129],"final":[131],"prediction.":[132],"highest":[134,177],"Dice":[135],"0.961":[137],"0.894":[141],"REFUGE":[148,193],"test":[149,161,174,194,206,219],"dataset,":[150,162,195,207],"0.974":[151],"0.916":[155],"Drishti-GS":[160,205],"0.978":[164],"0.902":[168],"dataset.":[175,220],"Intersection":[178],"over":[179],"Union":[180],"0.925":[182],"0.808":[186],"0.950":[196],"0.845":[200],"0.957":[209],"0.822":[213],"Using":[221],"results,":[224],"cup-to-disc":[226],"ratio":[227],"(CDR)":[228],"been":[230],"calculated":[231],"to":[232],"classify":[233],"into":[237],"mild-stage,":[238],"moderate-stage,":[239],"severe-stage":[240],"glaucoma,":[241],"non-glaucoma":[243],"cases.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
