{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399282646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180","title":"Efficient Hardware Design of DNN for RF Signal Modulation Recognition Employing Ternary Weights","display_name":"Efficient Hardware Design of DNN for RF Signal Modulation Recognition Employing Ternary Weights","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399282646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3409180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080060539","display_name":"Jongseok Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-2356"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jongseok Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8030-2356","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036874911","display_name":"Kuchul Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-3557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuchul Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4028-3557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009591041","display_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saibal Mukhopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8894-3390","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83899553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"80165","last_page":"80175"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9677000045776367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.7895225882530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7137444615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/application-specific-integrated-circuit","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","score":0.6833548545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.618426501750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5829631686210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ternary-operation","display_name":"Ternary operation","score":0.5815351605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4393918812274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speedup","display_name":"Speedup","score":0.41554537415504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2221774160861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2161102294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.1118391752243042}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.7895225882530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7137444615364075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77390884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217302","display_name":"Application-specific integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.6833548545837402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.618426501750946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5829631686210632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64452783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1524945","display_name":"Ternary operation","level":2,"score":0.5815351605415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4393918812274933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.41554537415504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2221774160861969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2161102294921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.1118391752243042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3409180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:122c67c3942d418f8d5cfb427575c3f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/122c67c3942d418f8d5cfb427575c3f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 80165-80175 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3409180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3409180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2092431085","https://openalex.org/W2152883162","https://openalex.org/W2167230435","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2241069254","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2562146178","https://openalex.org/W2625954420","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2795250928","https://openalex.org/W2894696827","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2948229371","https://openalex.org/W2961742849","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963809753","https://openalex.org/W2981240861","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W2988685994","https://openalex.org/W3000943722","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3038692183","https://openalex.org/W3046853918","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3162199993","https://openalex.org/W3167948099","https://openalex.org/W3183646120","https://openalex.org/W3210307388","https://openalex.org/W4285190314","https://openalex.org/W4293868612","https://openalex.org/W4296441732","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4375869345","https://openalex.org/W4386607611","https://openalex.org/W4392153330","https://openalex.org/W6639703010","https://openalex.org/W6737664043"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058965144","https://openalex.org/W2164382479","https://openalex.org/W2146343568","https://openalex.org/W98480971","https://openalex.org/W2150291671","https://openalex.org/W2013643406","https://openalex.org/W2027972911","https://openalex.org/W1485756991","https://openalex.org/W2376218453","https://openalex.org/W2984236338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"efficient":[4],"deep":[5],"neural":[6],"network":[7],"(DNN)":[8],"accelerator":[9],"designed":[10],"for":[11,23],"radio":[12],"frequency":[13,113],"(RF)":[14],"signal":[15],"modulation":[16],"recognition.":[17],"A":[18],"novel":[19],"DNN":[20,31,153],"design":[21,77,123,144],"optimized":[22],"mobile":[24],"applications":[25],"is":[26,62,79,145],"demonstrated":[27,63],"by":[28],"combining":[29],"MobileNetV3-based":[30],"with":[32,64,97],"a":[33,39,65],"ternary":[34,59,94,127,151],"weight":[35,45,60,95,128],"quantization.We":[36],"also":[37,119],"propose":[38],"new":[40],"training":[41,46,100],"method":[42,101],"called":[43],"decaying":[44],"to":[47,53,125,130],"overcome":[48],"the":[49,58,68,72,82,89,93,98,103,106,110,121,126,132,136,150,155,159],"performance":[50],"degradation":[51],"due":[52],"quantization.":[54],"The":[55,75,142],"effect":[56],"of":[57,67,105,135,157],"quantization":[61,96,107],"co-analysis":[66],"classification":[69],"accuracy":[70],"and":[71,88,114,138,149],"physical":[73,76],"design.":[74],"analysis":[78],"based":[80],"on":[81,147],"Application":[83],"Specific":[84],"Integrated":[85],"Circuit":[86],"(ASIC),":[87],"results":[90],"show":[91],"that":[92],"proposed":[99],"minimizes":[102],"impact":[104],"while":[108],"increasing":[109],"allowable":[111],"clock":[112],"reducing":[115,158],"hardware":[116,122,143,160],"cost":[117,161],"significantly.We":[118],"implement":[120],"dedicated":[124],"networks":[129],"reduce":[131],"required":[133],"number":[134],"multiply":[137],"accumulate":[139],"(MAC)":[140],"engines.":[141],"verified":[146],"FPGA":[148],"weight-based":[152],"shows":[154],"feasibility":[156],"significantly.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
