{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399206229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062","title":"TextFocus: Assessing the Faithfulness of Feature Attribution Methods Explanations in Natural Language Processing","display_name":"TextFocus: Assessing the Faithfulness of Feature Attribution Methods Explanations in Natural Language Processing","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399206229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3408062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007093911","display_name":"Ettore Mariotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-1174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ettore Mariotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8764-1174","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019656391","display_name":"Anna Arias-Duart","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-6735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Arias-Duart","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8819-6735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009234086","display_name":"Michele Cafagna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","display_name":"University of Malta","ror":"https://ror.org/03a62bv60","country_code":"MT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}],"countries":["MT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Cafagna","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Malta, Msida, MSD, Malta","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027041248","display_name":"Albert Gatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-8244"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Albert Gatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, CS, The Netherlands","Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6388-8244","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, CS, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 8, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010831226","display_name":"Dario Garc\u00eda-Gasulla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799803557","display_name":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05sd8tv96","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799803557","https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Garcia-Gasulla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6732-5641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848","https://openalex.org/I2799803557"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056892202","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Alonso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-421X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111807","display_name":"Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/0280bnq76","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Maria Alonso-Moral","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3673-421X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Singular de Investigaci&#x00F3;n en Tecnolox&#x00ED;as Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111807"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.282,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59048925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"138870","last_page":"138880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.7886000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.7310000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7218860387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6374205350875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5213547945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authorship-attribution","display_name":"Authorship attribution","score":0.5055065155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","score":0.5002238750457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4783015847206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4674668610095978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attribution","display_name":"Attribution","score":0.4168534576892853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.27512994408607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14067229628562927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7218860387802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6374205350875854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5213547945022583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020202489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032038","display_name":"Authorship attribution","level":2,"score":0.5055065155029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5002238750457764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4783015847206116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4674668610095978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143299363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900584","display_name":"Attribution","level":2,"score":0.4168534576892853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.27512994408607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14067229628562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3408062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.um.edu.mt:123456789/141214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/handle/123456789/141214","pdf_url":"https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar/bitstream/123456789/141214/1/TextFocus_Assessing_the_Faithfulness_of_Feature_Attribution_Methods_Explanations_in_Natural_Language_Processing%282024%29.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400782","display_name":"OAR@UM (University of Malta)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197854408","host_organization_name":"University of Malta","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197854408"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aadbcea98bcb4e1fa724053c74360556","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aadbcea98bcb4e1fa724053c74360556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 138870-138880 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/473986","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/473986","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:11443809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3408062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3408062","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3408062","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1269289047","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TED2021-130295B-C33","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1622782223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MCIN/AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2257063132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2021-123152OB-C21","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3376034079","display_name":"Interactive Natural Language Technology for  Explainable Artificial Intelligence","funder_award_id":"860621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480869486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5080475149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10.13039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7084143925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7535663061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/10.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8274803949","display_name":"SoBigData++: European Integrated Infrastructure for Social Mining and Big Data Analytics","funder_award_id":"871042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338080","display_name":"European Social Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1787224781","https://openalex.org/W1902674502","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2562979205","https://openalex.org/W2605409611","https://openalex.org/W2776207810","https://openalex.org/W2777662428","https://openalex.org/W2798698226","https://openalex.org/W2891575196","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2917767525","https://openalex.org/W2950768109","https://openalex.org/W2962851944","https://openalex.org/W2972376180","https://openalex.org/W2978017171","https://openalex.org/W2989344603","https://openalex.org/W3034917890","https://openalex.org/W3035264434","https://openalex.org/W3035503910","https://openalex.org/W3103855731","https://openalex.org/W3157950068","https://openalex.org/W3173247797","https://openalex.org/W4200580215","https://openalex.org/W4248114999","https://openalex.org/W4295768369","https://openalex.org/W4295768443","https://openalex.org/W4298061300","https://openalex.org/W4300659681","https://openalex.org/W4306406957","https://openalex.org/W4366262984","https://openalex.org/W4385572382","https://openalex.org/W4385805078"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035546108","https://openalex.org/W2376361520","https://openalex.org/W2133328864","https://openalex.org/W2093949997","https://openalex.org/W2570200690","https://openalex.org/W2389726244","https://openalex.org/W3213969421","https://openalex.org/W4205570701","https://openalex.org/W2975078241","https://openalex.org/W2623063325"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"the":[1,38,49,65,76,116,121,145],"existing":[2],"eXplainable":[3],"AI":[4],"(XAI)":[5],"approaches,":[6],"Feature":[7,52,172],"Attribution":[8,53,173],"methods":[9,54,129,174],"are":[10],"a":[11,24,45,86,160],"popular":[12],"option":[13],"due":[14],"to":[15,23,37,91,170],"their":[16,31,177],"interpretable":[17],"nature.":[18],"However,":[19],"each":[20],"method":[21,148],"leads":[22],"different":[25,92],"solution,":[26],"thus":[27],"introducing":[28],"uncertainty":[29],"regarding":[30],"reliability":[32],"and":[33,153],"coherence":[34],"with":[35,115,141],"respect":[36],"underlying":[39],"model.":[40],"This":[41],"work":[42],"introduces":[43],"TextFocus,":[44,140],"metric":[46],"for":[47,55,71,100],"evaluating":[48],"faithfulness":[50,152],"of":[51,67,78,85,88,104,125,151],"Natural":[56],"Language":[57],"Processing":[58],"(NLP)":[59],"tasks":[60,137],"involving":[61],"classification.":[62],"To":[63],"address":[64],"absence":[66],"ground":[68,98],"truth":[69,99],"explanations":[70,105],"such":[72],"methods,":[73],"we":[74],"introduce":[75],"concept":[77],"textual":[79],"mosaics.":[80],"A":[81],"mosaic":[82],"is":[83,130],"composed":[84],"combination":[87],"sentences":[89],"belonging":[90],"classes,":[93],"which":[94],"provides":[95],"an":[96,167],"implicit":[97],"attribution.":[101],"The":[102,123,156],"accuracy":[103],"can":[106],"be":[107],"then":[108],"evaluated":[109],"by":[110,138,165],"comparing":[111],"feature":[112,127],"attribution":[113,128],"scores":[114],"known":[117],"class":[118],"labels":[119],"in":[120,149,162],"mosaic.":[122],"performance":[124],"six":[126],"systematically":[131],"compared":[132],"on":[133],"three":[134],"sentence":[135],"classification":[136],"using":[139],"Integrated":[142],"Gradients":[143],"being":[144],"best":[146],"overall":[147],"terms":[150],"computational":[154],"requirements.":[155],"proposed":[157],"methodology":[158],"fills":[159],"gap":[161],"NLP":[163],"evaluation,":[164],"providing":[166],"objective":[168],"way":[169],"assess":[171],"while":[175],"finding":[176],"optimal":[178],"parameters.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
