{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398187730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403771","title":"FPGA Implementation of Elliptic-Curve Point Multiplication Over GF(2<sup>233</sup>) Using Booth Polynomial Multiplier for Area-Sensitive Applications","display_name":"FPGA Implementation of Elliptic-Curve Point Multiplication Over GF(2<sup>233</sup>) Using Booth Polynomial Multiplier for Area-Sensitive Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398187730","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403771","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535481.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035743797","display_name":"Amer Aljaedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Aljaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051008951","display_name":"Furqan Aziz Qureshi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171003132","display_name":"Rawalpindi Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/02maedm12","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Furqan Aziz Qureshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASTP Alpha, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","Cyber (R&D) Specialist, NASTP Alpha, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASTP Alpha, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171003132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyber (R&D) Specialist, NASTP Alpha, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032327669","display_name":"Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-9994"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mazyad Hazzazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7945-9994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043985181","display_name":"Malik Imran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-6387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Malik Imran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1900-6387","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Secure Information Technologies (CSIT), Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564954","display_name":"Zaid Bassfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Bassfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054500045","display_name":"Sajjad Shaukat Jamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajjad Shaukat Jamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5852-1955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83721669,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"72847","last_page":"72859"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11693","display_name":"Cryptography and Residue Arithmetic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9872000217437744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5926085710525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/booths-multiplication-algorithm","display_name":"Booth's multiplication algorithm","score":0.5284744501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.49805545806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.49475425481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/datapath","display_name":"Datapath","score":0.48740842938423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.45917466282844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3536836504936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.32079824805259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2898029386997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.2214488387107849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5926085710525513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72475854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477049","display_name":"Booth's multiplication algorithm","level":4,"score":0.5284744501113892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49805545806884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.49475425481796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1633673","display_name":"Datapath","level":2,"score":0.48740842938423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.45917466282844543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3536836504936218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.32079824805259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2898029386997223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.2214488387107849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403771","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/652fff98-7b71-4f6c-a259-65b5838bdacd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/652fff98-7b71-4f6c-a259-65b5838bdacd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Aljaedi, A, Qureshi, F A, Hazzazi, M M, Imran, M, Bassfar, Z & Jamal, S S 2024, 'FPGA implementation of elliptic-curve point multiplication over GF(2 233 )\u00a0using booth polynomial multiplier for area-sensitive applications', IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 72847-72859. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3403771","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:957d9ebda0504448855dd1955495a5cb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/957d9ebda0504448855dd1955495a5cb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 72847-72859 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403771","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535481.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817829264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP2/552/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398187730.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880212920","https://openalex.org/W1970154887","https://openalex.org/W1978495183","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2007751412","https://openalex.org/W2026005680","https://openalex.org/W2125739478","https://openalex.org/W2611487319","https://openalex.org/W2786378261","https://openalex.org/W2807345858","https://openalex.org/W2909977665","https://openalex.org/W2915802113","https://openalex.org/W2935161401","https://openalex.org/W3006510819","https://openalex.org/W3014754907","https://openalex.org/W3019819224","https://openalex.org/W3116030086","https://openalex.org/W3118808896","https://openalex.org/W3158968530","https://openalex.org/W3165281879","https://openalex.org/W3176863806","https://openalex.org/W3189841201","https://openalex.org/W4223469936","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4376275375","https://openalex.org/W4376455292","https://openalex.org/W4379470788","https://openalex.org/W4381742903","https://openalex.org/W4382046973","https://openalex.org/W4385819740","https://openalex.org/W4389161258","https://openalex.org/W4390693444","https://openalex.org/W4391164260","https://openalex.org/W6662323397"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143699720","https://openalex.org/W2593976670","https://openalex.org/W2158685723","https://openalex.org/W2546612563","https://openalex.org/W1976249856","https://openalex.org/W3096907109","https://openalex.org/W2184818077","https://openalex.org/W3205148284","https://openalex.org/W2153963611","https://openalex.org/W2993141888"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3],"area-efficient":[4],"hardware":[5,191],"architecture":[6,39],"for":[7,105,160,185],"the":[8,59,65,70,78,84,89,92,131,180],"implementation":[9,119,172],"of":[10,86,91,145],"elliptic-curve":[11],"point":[12],"multiplication":[13,38],"(PM)":[14],"operation":[15],"over":[16],"<italic":[17,147,157,167],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[18,22,148,158,168],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">GF</i>":[19],"(2":[20],"<sup":[21],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">233</sup>":[23],").":[24],"The":[25,118,171],"area":[26],"is":[27,81,103,183],"minimized":[28],"through":[29],"three":[30],"strategies:":[31],"(i)":[32],"implementing":[33],"a":[34,99,109,143],"bit-serial-based":[35],"Booth":[36,53,74,95],"polynomial":[37],"to":[40,176],"multiply":[41],"two":[42],"polynomials":[43],"with":[44],"clock":[45,153],"cycles":[46,154],"overhead,":[47],"(ii)":[48],"using":[49,69],"one":[50,161],"modular":[51,66],"adder,":[52],"multiplier":[54,75,96],"and":[55,62,73,94,139,155,174],"square":[56,72],"block":[57],"in":[58,88],"arithmetic":[60],"unit,":[61],"(iii)":[63],"realizing":[64],"inversion":[67],"computation":[68,198],"implemented":[71,104],"circuits.":[76],"Moreover,":[77,98],"critical":[79],"path":[80],"evaluated":[82],"by":[83],"placement":[85],"registers":[87],"datapath":[90],"PM":[93,162],"architectures.":[97],"dedicated":[100],"finite-state":[101],"machine":[102],"control":[106],"functionalities.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"figure-of-merit":[110],"(FoM),":[111],"defined":[112],"as":[113],"throughput/area,":[114],"facilitates":[115],"realistic":[116],"comparisons.":[117],"results":[120,173],"are":[121],"reported":[122],"on":[123,142],"Xilinx":[124],"field-programmable":[125],"gate":[126],"array":[127],"(FPGA)":[128],"devices.":[129],"On":[130],"Virtex-7":[132],"device,":[133],"our":[134],"accelerator":[135,182],"utilizes":[136],"1343":[137],"slices":[138],"can":[140],"operate":[141],"maximum":[144],"393":[146],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">MHz</i>":[149],",":[150],"requiring":[151],"174457":[152],"443.91\u03bc":[156],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">s</i>":[159],"computation.":[163],"It":[164],"consumes":[165],"1361":[166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">mW</i>":[169],"power.":[170],"comparison":[175],"state-of-the-art":[177],"show":[178],"that":[179,188],"proposed":[181],"suitable":[184],"cryptographic":[186],"applications":[187],"demand":[189],"lower":[190],"resource":[192],"utilization":[193],"without":[194],"significant":[195],"concerns":[196],"regarding":[197],"time.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}