{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4398188173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403725","title":"Multi-Dimensional Sigma Shift Matrix (<i>nD</i>-SSM) Code With Adaptable Transmitter-Receiver Architecture to Support Multiclass Users for SAC-OCDMA System","display_name":"Multi-Dimensional Sigma Shift Matrix (<i>nD</i>-SSM) Code With Adaptable Transmitter-Receiver Architecture to Support Multiclass Users for SAC-OCDMA System","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4398188173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403725"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403725","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535500.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091664028","display_name":"Hassan Yousif Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Yousif Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0452-2271","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088218731","display_name":"Medien Zeghid","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Medien Zeghid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-3455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098739294","display_name":"Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142608572","display_name":"Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maisara Mohyeldin Gasim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8939-9896","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering in Wadi Alddawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Alddawasir, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142608572"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047125842","display_name":"Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3129754710","display_name":"Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qm7b611","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3129754710"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Somia A. Abd El-Mottaleb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1302-3557","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Alexandria Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3129754710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3712,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57661326,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"76919","last_page":"76935"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.7081855535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5798937082290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5646414756774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5495012998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4830489754676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.42822733521461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.37654924392700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3700815439224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2208154797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15738239884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15388956665992737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.7081855535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5798937082290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5646414756774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5495012998580933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4830489754676819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4503173828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.42822733521461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.37654924392700195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3700815439224243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2208154797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15738239884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15388956665992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403725","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:effe3fd83ab14672810746794931013b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/effe3fd83ab14672810746794931013b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 76919-76935 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3403725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3403725","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10535500.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7053164700","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PSAU/2023/01/25208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","funder_display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311227","display_name":"Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/04jt46d36"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4398188173.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963885704","https://openalex.org/W2014767384","https://openalex.org/W2033343698","https://openalex.org/W2042082386","https://openalex.org/W2096414522","https://openalex.org/W2159498718","https://openalex.org/W2268963647","https://openalex.org/W2492270114","https://openalex.org/W2591449293","https://openalex.org/W2750082100","https://openalex.org/W2886146175","https://openalex.org/W2891855877","https://openalex.org/W2901479093","https://openalex.org/W2916289422","https://openalex.org/W2980664929","https://openalex.org/W2990914270","https://openalex.org/W3018118855","https://openalex.org/W3026202994","https://openalex.org/W3028267185","https://openalex.org/W3034595376","https://openalex.org/W3103546543","https://openalex.org/W3118725835","https://openalex.org/W3130997255","https://openalex.org/W3212287334","https://openalex.org/W4225301645","https://openalex.org/W4238576359","https://openalex.org/W4382238108","https://openalex.org/W4391554375","https://openalex.org/W6754894250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355663289","https://openalex.org/W2982399888","https://openalex.org/W2106913410","https://openalex.org/W4380372336","https://openalex.org/W2354248671","https://openalex.org/W2359134391","https://openalex.org/W2594116857","https://openalex.org/W2947628004","https://openalex.org/W2093568254","https://openalex.org/W2132453830"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3],"n-D":[4],"algorithm":[5],"to":[6,33,81,104,116,170,229],"generate":[7,34],"multi-dimensional":[8],"Sigma":[9],"Shift":[10],"Matrix":[11],"(nD-SSM)":[12],"code":[13,36,216],"sequences":[14],"is":[15,18,98,102,139],"proposed,":[16],"which":[17,43],"based":[19],"on":[20,38],"spectral/":[21],"temporal/":[22],"spatial":[23],"incoherent":[24],"OCDMA":[25,96,111],"system.":[26],"Our":[27],"proposed":[28,109,214],"system":[29,55,97,112],"has":[30],"the":[31,35,108,164,193,213,218],"flexibility":[32],"base":[37],"selection":[39],"of":[40,79,87,91,94,107,128,134,161,167,197,221],"n":[41],"value":[42,166],"could":[44],"be":[45],"1D":[46],"or":[47,49],"2D":[48],"3D.":[50],"The":[51,89,130],"nD-SSM":[52,71,95,110],"codes":[53],"improve":[54],"cardinality":[56],"by":[57,113],"eliminating":[58],"multiple":[59],"access":[60],"interference":[61],"and":[62,120,144,152,183,203,209],"its":[63],"accompanied":[64],"phase":[65],"induced":[66],"intensity":[67],"noise":[68,117],"(PIIN).":[69],"Additionally,":[70],"technique":[72],"permits":[73],"various":[74],"users":[75,135,162,198,222],"with":[76,84,136,163],"different":[77,126,224],"dimensions":[78],"codewords":[80],"send":[82],"data":[83,225],"lowest":[85],"probability":[86],"interference.":[88],"design":[90],"transmitter-receiver":[92],"structure":[93],"described.":[99],"Gaussian":[100],"approximation":[101],"used":[103],"analyze":[105],"performance":[106],"investigating":[114],"signal":[115],"ratio":[118],"(SNR)":[119],"bit":[121],"error":[122],"rate":[123],"(BER)":[124],"under":[125],"conditions":[127],"transmission.":[129],"maximum":[131,194],"allowable":[132,195],"number":[133,196,220],"BER":[137,168],"~10-9":[138],"43,":[140],"108,":[141],"140,":[142],"158":[143],"600,":[145],"respectively":[146,155],"for":[147,172,175,178,181,185,205],"1D-SSM,":[148,173,206],"2D-SSM,":[149,176,207],"2D-DEU,":[150,179],"3D-PD":[151],"3D-SSM":[153,186,215],"codes,":[154],"at":[156,187,223],"622":[157],"Mbps.":[158],"These":[159],"numbers":[160],"same":[165],"decreased":[169],"18":[171],"46":[174],"2":[177],"82":[180],"3D-PD,":[182,208],"237":[184],"2.5":[188],"Gbps.":[189],"At":[190],"10":[191],"Gbps,":[192],"are":[199],"9,":[200],"24,":[201],"40,":[202],"97":[204],"3D-SSM,":[210],"respectively.":[211],"Accordingly,":[212],"supports":[217],"larger":[219],"rates":[226],"when":[227],"compared":[228],"other":[230],"codes.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}