{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399114373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3400609","title":"SLTM Network: Efficient Application of Lightweight Image Segmentation Technology in Detecting Drivable Areas for Unmanned Line-Marking Machines","display_name":"SLTM Network: Efficient Application of Lightweight Image Segmentation Technology in Detecting Drivable Areas for Unmanned Line-Marking Machines","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399114373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3400609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3400609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3400609","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10540024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10540024.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039221178","display_name":"C. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9091-1258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010949849","display_name":"Xiangkai Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3380-973X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangkai Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104347971","display_name":"Bingtao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingtao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044007676","display_name":"Liang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4201-8535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064057109","display_name":"Bing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2153-9852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158823","display_name":"Weihai Science and Technology Bureau","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx4xx46","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Academic Affairs, Shandong University, Weihai, China","School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Academic Affairs, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158823"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical, Electrical and Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039221178"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62055384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"169001","last_page":"169012"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8533522486686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6921664476394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6492685675621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6094925999641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upsampling","display_name":"Upsampling","score":0.6066577434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5383679866790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.5192732810974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.48590460419654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4768843948841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.41624316573143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3690490126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.35653987526893616}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8533522486686707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6921664476394653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6492685675621033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6094925999641418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110384440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143270","display_name":"Upsampling","level":3,"score":0.6066577434539795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5383679866790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.5192732810974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.48590460419654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4768843948841095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.41624316573143005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3690490126609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35653987526893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3400609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3400609","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10540024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e8539bab9e6d46979c0eb54c950b446b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e8539bab9e6d46979c0eb54c950b446b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 169001-169012 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3400609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3400609","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10540024.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3143838555","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2020MF073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336925","funder_display_name":"Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336925","display_name":"Shandong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4399114373.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570209653","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2044526765","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2620773907","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2791426782","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2886934227","https://openalex.org/W2921495890","https://openalex.org/W2962772649","https://openalex.org/W2963125010","https://openalex.org/W2963890956","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2979482046","https://openalex.org/W2999972254","https://openalex.org/W3035414587","https://openalex.org/W3089719645","https://openalex.org/W3110440461","https://openalex.org/W3169865585","https://openalex.org/W3175373394","https://openalex.org/W3196904463","https://openalex.org/W4312785900","https://openalex.org/W4382240924","https://openalex.org/W4386076267","https://openalex.org/W4388449372","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6717372056","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6760613829","https://openalex.org/W6766273390","https://openalex.org/W6771640722","https://openalex.org/W6848963243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2062399876","https://openalex.org/W2607795551","https://openalex.org/W3155117723","https://openalex.org/W1991429770","https://openalex.org/W1983892167","https://openalex.org/W4310746709","https://openalex.org/W4386075645","https://openalex.org/W4385574037","https://openalex.org/W4306309518","https://openalex.org/W2948581204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"segmentation":[1,51,173],"plays":[2],"a":[3,26,46,102,114],"crucial":[4],"role":[5],"in":[6,21,36,131,181],"the":[7,15,54,62,69,75,79,83,91,122,127,154,175],"roadwork":[8],"operations":[9],"of":[10,18,29,78,85,139,150,165],"autonomous":[11,193],"line-painting":[12,23,194],"machines.":[13],"However,":[14],"limited":[16],"resources":[17],"mobile":[19],"platforms":[20],"intelligent":[22],"applications":[24],"pose":[25],"dual":[27],"challenge":[28],"ensuring":[30],"both":[31,182],"accuracy":[32],"and":[33,73,100,134,145,185],"real-time":[34,192],"performance":[35],"road":[37],"segmentation.":[38],"To":[39,81],"address":[40],"this":[41,43,59],"issue,":[42],"study":[44],"introduces":[45],"lightweight":[47,63,171],"yet":[48],"efficient":[49],"image":[50,172],"model,":[52],"termed":[53],"SLTM":[55,64,128,176],"Network.":[56],"Central":[57],"to":[58,108,169],"network":[60,92],"is":[61],"module,":[65],"which":[66],"significantly":[67],"reduces":[68],"model\u2019s":[70],"parameter":[71],"count":[72],"lowers":[74],"computational":[76,116],"overhead":[77],"decoder.":[80],"enhance":[82],"interplay":[84],"information":[86],"at":[87,113],"different":[88],"spatial":[89],"resolutions,":[90],"incorporates":[93],"an":[94,137,146,162],"SE":[95],"attention-enhanced":[96],"upsampling":[97],"module":[98],"(SAUM)":[99],"employs":[101],"Spatial":[103],"Attention":[104],"Sequence":[105],"(SAS)":[106],"unit":[107],"improve":[109],"global":[110],"environment":[111],"perception":[112],"low":[115],"cost.":[117],"Comprehensive":[118],"experimental":[119],"evaluations":[120],"on":[121],"Cityscapes":[123],"dataset":[124],"demonstrate":[125],"that":[126],"Network":[129,177],"excels":[130],"balancing":[132],"speed":[133,149,164,184],"accuracy,":[135,186],"achieving":[136],"mIoU":[138],"70.5%":[140],"with":[141],"only":[142],"4.07M":[143],"parameters":[144],"impressive":[147],"inference":[148,163],"267.1":[151],"FPS.":[152,167],"On":[153],"embedded":[155],"device":[156],"Jetson":[157],"Xavier":[158],"NX,":[159],"it":[160,188],"achieves":[161],"34.2":[166],"Compared":[168],"existing":[170],"models,":[174],"exhibits":[178],"significant":[179],"advantages":[180],"processing":[183],"making":[187],"particularly":[189],"suitable":[190],"for":[191],"machine":[195],"applications.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}