{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396877929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3399839","title":"Korean Sign Language Alphabet Recognition Through the Integration of Handcrafted and Deep Learning-Based Two-Stream Feature Extraction Approach","display_name":"Korean Sign Language Alphabet Recognition Through the Integration of Handcrafted and Deep Learning-Based Two-Stream Feature Extraction Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396877929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3399839"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3399839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3399839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10529244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10529244.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005221038","display_name":"Jungpil Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-2468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungpil Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7476-2468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017981507","display_name":"Abu Saleh Musa Miah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0464"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abu Saleh Musa Miah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0464","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111195237","display_name":"Yuto Akiba","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuto Akiba","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086822729","display_name":"Koki Hirooka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-4435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koki Hirooka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0007-4435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101947983","display_name":"Najmul Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6499-1825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Najmul Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6499-1825","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088471735","display_name":"Yong Seok Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-2456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161024014","display_name":"Kwangwoon University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e9zc863","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Seok Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8375-2456","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161024014"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.3895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98094653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"68303","last_page":"68318"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8259853720664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign-language","display_name":"Sign language","score":0.7118964195251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6552897095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.5978440642356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.561830461025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5356255173683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5126118063926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alphabet","display_name":"Alphabet","score":0.47117879986763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.45550987124443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.38470444083213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3794201612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3709285259246826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8259853720664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522192633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34228","display_name":"Sign language","level":2,"score":0.7118964195251465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6552897095680237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.5978440642356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.561830461025238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5356255173683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5126118063926697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112876837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837518","display_name":"Alphabet","level":2,"score":0.47117879986763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.45550987124443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.38470444083213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3794201612472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3709285259246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3399839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3399839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10529244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b662ac7b9126494e8b43ef27e1d424a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b662ac7b9126494e8b43ef27e1d424a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 68303-68318 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3399839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3399839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10529244.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324016","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396877929.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1968688469","https://openalex.org/W1993928670","https://openalex.org/W2040448851","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2158538256","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2376579142","https://openalex.org/W2404326171","https://openalex.org/W2612429929","https://openalex.org/W2772956121","https://openalex.org/W2798726357","https://openalex.org/W2810696633","https://openalex.org/W2889405515","https://openalex.org/W2943447287","https://openalex.org/W2968866862","https://openalex.org/W2997471365","https://openalex.org/W3004749924","https://openalex.org/W3008327514","https://openalex.org/W3020922019","https://openalex.org/W3021711395","https://openalex.org/W3022200071","https://openalex.org/W3036954260","https://openalex.org/W3046993022","https://openalex.org/W3195637257","https://openalex.org/W3199475648","https://openalex.org/W4206718098","https://openalex.org/W4223913677","https://openalex.org/W4226207626","https://openalex.org/W4229334605","https://openalex.org/W4280601532","https://openalex.org/W4289111271","https://openalex.org/W4297371220","https://openalex.org/W4313855621","https://openalex.org/W4382202314","https://openalex.org/W4384823312","https://openalex.org/W4387458775","https://openalex.org/W4388901869","https://openalex.org/W4389776582","https://openalex.org/W4390944852","https://openalex.org/W4391120020","https://openalex.org/W4392063766","https://openalex.org/W4392251920","https://openalex.org/W4392397356","https://openalex.org/W4393935562","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6810895945"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2537762514","https://openalex.org/W2349788282","https://openalex.org/W577271088","https://openalex.org/W2120801881","https://openalex.org/W1982853263","https://openalex.org/W4308478915","https://openalex.org/W4389049376","https://openalex.org/W1986488374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recognizing":[0],"sign":[1,46,52],"language":[2,47],"plays":[3],"a":[4,45,93,151,194],"crucial":[5],"role":[6],"in":[7,250],"improving":[8],"communication":[9],"accessibility":[10],"for":[11,50,60,212],"the":[12,76,79,114,127,145,162,171,175,179,190,203,207,213,219,225,230,255],"Deaf":[13],"and":[14,23,106,229,233],"hard-of-hearing":[15],"communities.":[16],"In":[17,97,144],"Korea,":[18],"many":[19],"individuals":[20],"facing":[21],"hearing":[22],"speech":[24],"challenges":[25],"depend":[26],"on":[27,136],"Korean":[28],"Sign":[29],"Language":[30],"(KSL)":[31],"as":[32],"their":[33],"primary":[34],"means":[35],"of":[36,78,116,123,161,186,192,197],"communication.":[37],"Many":[38],"researchers":[39],"have":[40,69],"been":[41,58],"working":[42],"to":[43,75,112,157],"develop":[44],"recognition":[48,67,90],"system":[49,91,121],"other":[51],"languages,":[53],"but":[54],"little":[55],"research":[56],"has":[57],"done":[59],"KSL":[61,66,89,142,163,198,222,227],"alphabet":[62,164,223],"recognition.":[63],"However,":[64],"existing":[65,226,231],"systems":[68],"faced":[70],"significant":[71],"performance":[72],"limitations":[73,115],"due":[74],"ineffectiveness":[77],"features.":[80],"To":[81],"address":[82],"these":[83],"issues,":[84],"we":[85,100,149,182,201],"introduce":[86],"an":[87],"innovative":[88],"employing":[92],"strategic":[94],"fusion":[95,244],"approach.":[96],"this":[98],"study,":[99],"combined":[101],"joint":[102],"skeleton-based":[103],"handcrafted":[104,132],"features":[105,111,177,188],"pixel-based":[107],"resnet101":[108,154],"transfer":[109],"learning":[110],"overcome":[113],"traditional":[117],"systems.":[118],"Our":[119,237],"proposed":[120,238],"consists":[122],"two":[124],"distinct":[125],"streams:":[126],"first":[128,172],"stream":[129,156,173],"extracts":[130],"essential":[131,168],"features,":[133],"placing":[134],"emphasis":[135],"capturing":[137],"hand":[138],"orientation":[139],"information":[140,169],"within":[141],"gestures.":[143,199],"second":[146,180],"stream,":[147,181],"concurrently,":[148],"employed":[150],"deep":[152,208],"learning-based":[153,209],"module":[155,211],"capture":[158],"hierarchical":[159,176],"representations":[160],"sign.":[165],"By":[166],"combining":[167],"from":[170,178],"with":[174,189,218],"generate":[183],"multiple":[184],"levels":[185],"fused":[187],"goal":[191],"forming":[193],"comprehensive":[195],"representation":[196],"Finally,":[200],"fed":[202],"concatenated":[204],"feature":[205],"into":[206],"classification":[210],"classification.We":[214],"conducted":[215],"extensive":[216],"experiments":[217],"newly":[220],"created":[221],"dataset,":[224],"digit":[228],"ArSL":[232],"ASL":[234],"benchmark":[235],"datasets.":[236],"model":[239],"undeniably":[240],"shows":[241],"that":[242],"our":[243],"approach":[245],"substantially":[246],"improves":[247],"high-performance":[248],"accuracy":[249],"both":[251],"cases,":[252],"which":[253],"proves":[254],"system\u2019s":[256],"superiority.":[257]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}