{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396753558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3398034","title":"Exploring the Synergy of Fog Computing, Blockchain, and Federated Learning for IoT Applications: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Exploring the Synergy of Fog Computing, Blockchain, and Federated Learning for IoT Applications: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396753558","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3398034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3398034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3398034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10522660.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10522660.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080470053","display_name":"Wilson Valdez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227486990","display_name":"University of Szeged","ror":"https://ror.org/01pnej532","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227486990"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wilson Valdez Solis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2851-7576","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227486990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065618485","display_name":"Juan Marcelo Parra-Ullauri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-3494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36234482","display_name":"University of Bristol","ror":"https://ror.org/0524sp257","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Marcelo Parra-Ullauri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1801-3494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Smart Internet Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36234482"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038399709","display_name":"Attila Kert\u00e9sz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I227486990","display_name":"University of Szeged","ror":"https://ror.org/01pnej532","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227486990"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Attila Kertesz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9457-2928","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Department, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I227486990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1469,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87660944,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"68015","last_page":"68060"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7881597280502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interoperability","display_name":"Interoperability","score":0.7816895246505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5945308208465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.5722872018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5282610654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic review","score":0.5227456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.5207340717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5017707347869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4687293469905853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.26527202129364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2589645981788635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7881597280502319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.7816895246505737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5945308208465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.5722872018814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5282610654830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189708586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504425","display_name":"Systematic review","level":3,"score":0.5227456092834473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5207340717315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5017707347869873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4687293469905853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.26527202129364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2589645981788635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3398034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3398034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10522660.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-information.bris.ac.uk:openaire/287cb95d-c732-4a5d-b761-866097e56349","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/287cb95d-c732-4a5d-b761-866097e56349","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055359","display_name":"Explore Bristol Research","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Solis, W V, Parra-Ullauri, J M & Kertesz, A 2024, 'Exploring the Synergy of Fog Computing, Blockchain, and Federated Learning for IoT Applications : A Systematic Literature Review', IEEE Access, vol. 12, pp. 68015-68060. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3398034","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu:36197","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":"http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/36197/1/Exploring_the_Synergy_of_Fog_Computing_Blockchain_and_Federated_Learning_for_IoT_Applications_A_Systematic_Literature_Review.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400675","display_name":"SZTE Publicatio Repozit\u00f3rium (University of Szeged)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I227486990","host_organization_name":"University of Szeged","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I227486990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Foly\u00f3iratcikk"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8dfcde45ea8f4f19b2cb83eb76fb18ac","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8dfcde45ea8f4f19b2cb83eb76fb18ac","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 68015-68060 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3398034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3398034","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/6514899/10522660.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2953162778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TKP2021-NVA","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335908","funder_display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G298428782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TKP2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335908","funder_display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4614621299","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TKP2021-NVA-09","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335908","funder_display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329149","display_name":"Szegedi Tudom\u00e1nyegyetem","ror":"https://ror.org/01pnej532"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335908","display_name":"Nemzeti Kutat\u00e1si, Fejleszt\u00e9si \u00e9s Innovaci\u00f3s Alap","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396753558.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":115,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2116612304","https://openalex.org/W2116753120","https://openalex.org/W2138890446","https://openalex.org/W2168894761","https://openalex.org/W2211385352","https://openalex.org/W2549687423","https://openalex.org/W2601306580","https://openalex.org/W2621187651","https://openalex.org/W2742781925","https://openalex.org/W2752925090","https://openalex.org/W2753968620","https://openalex.org/W2796447772","https://openalex.org/W2885657717","https://openalex.org/W2904351506","https://openalex.org/W2912978522","https://openalex.org/W2926987861","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2970755484","https://openalex.org/W3009627224","https://openalex.org/W3014517104","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3016682614","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3021909663","https://openalex.org/W3030475315","https://openalex.org/W3033259218","https://openalex.org/W3081783560","https://openalex.org/W3091870957","https://openalex.org/W3092108740","https://openalex.org/W3098532907","https://openalex.org/W3099200343","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3102441862","https://openalex.org/W3102542096","https://openalex.org/W3107221896","https://openalex.org/W3110578965","https://openalex.org/W3114953370","https://openalex.org/W3116546042","https://openalex.org/W3120346123","https://openalex.org/W3122294042","https://openalex.org/W3123346250","https://openalex.org/W3123459983","https://openalex.org/W3134200938","https://openalex.org/W3135079228","https://openalex.org/W3138917762","https://openalex.org/W3152617045","https://openalex.org/W3155912831","https://openalex.org/W3156226702","https://openalex.org/W3156284706","https://openalex.org/W3159080474","https://openalex.org/W3164559561","https://openalex.org/W3167578067","https://openalex.org/W3168278752","https://openalex.org/W3168496996","https://openalex.org/W3177095755","https://openalex.org/W3180608480","https://openalex.org/W3193402854","https://openalex.org/W3194056928","https://openalex.org/W3196377726","https://openalex.org/W3201807537","https://openalex.org/W3210845214","https://openalex.org/W3215288840","https://openalex.org/W4200029245","https://openalex.org/W4200486839","https://openalex.org/W4200494213","https://openalex.org/W4205507294","https://openalex.org/W4206358929","https://openalex.org/W4210643803","https://openalex.org/W4210757720","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4220883012","https://openalex.org/W4221103275","https://openalex.org/W4223622367","https://openalex.org/W4225112951","https://openalex.org/W4226149995","https://openalex.org/W4226407702","https://openalex.org/W4229815470","https://openalex.org/W4238224503","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4285101238","https://openalex.org/W4285818136","https://openalex.org/W4286268436","https://openalex.org/W4294733424","https://openalex.org/W4296099573","https://openalex.org/W4296218597","https://openalex.org/W4297990599","https://openalex.org/W4298148350","https://openalex.org/W4308480054","https://openalex.org/W4308650960","https://openalex.org/W4308927400","https://openalex.org/W4309561660","https://openalex.org/W4310433930","https://openalex.org/W4312156850","https://openalex.org/W4312624656","https://openalex.org/W4317038528","https://openalex.org/W4321637032","https://openalex.org/W4323045202","https://openalex.org/W4323307157","https://openalex.org/W4328121691","https://openalex.org/W4360604960","https://openalex.org/W4360609768","https://openalex.org/W4362603051","https://openalex.org/W4364381134","https://openalex.org/W4367837660","https://openalex.org/W4377107432","https://openalex.org/W4380841402","https://openalex.org/W4383905779","https://openalex.org/W4384824250","https://openalex.org/W4385259392","https://openalex.org/W4391620809","https://openalex.org/W4391948475","https://openalex.org/W6684456340","https://openalex.org/W6788944133","https://openalex.org/W6802006920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,88,183],"proliferation":[1],"of":[2,4,99,157],"Internet":[3],"Things":[5],"(IoT)":[6],"applications":[7],"poses":[8],"formidable":[9],"challenges":[10],"in":[11,109,133,199],"managing":[12],"data":[13,103],"processing,":[14,104],"privacy,":[15,105],"and":[16,28,44,97,106,116,121,145,178,185,201],"security.":[17],"In":[18],"response,":[19],"technologies":[20,39],"such":[21],"as":[22,34],"Fog":[23],"Computing":[24],"(FC),":[25],"Blockchain":[26],"(BC),":[27],"Federated":[29],"Learning":[30],"(FL)":[31],"have":[32],"emerged":[33],"promising":[35],"solutions.":[36,205],"Combining":[37],"these":[38],"can":[40],"broaden":[41],"their":[42,58,86],"scope,":[43],"impose":[45],"novel":[46,140],"challenges.":[47],"This":[48,136],"paper":[49,137],"conducts":[50],"a":[51,113,139,154],"Systematic":[52],"Literature":[53],"Review":[54],"(SLR)":[55],"to":[56,81,130,191],"investigate":[57],"integration":[59],"within":[60,147],"the":[61,66,93,134,172],"IoT":[62,151,204],"domain,":[63],"systematically":[64],"evaluating":[65],"current":[67,173],"state-of-the-art":[68],"by":[69],"analyzing":[70],"40":[71],"papers":[72],"against":[73],"38":[74],"extraction":[75],"criteria,":[76],"encompassing":[77],"technical":[78],"characteristics":[79],"specific":[80],"FC,":[82,119],"BC,":[83,120],"FL,":[84],"or":[85],"integration.":[87],"findings":[89],"offer":[90],"insights":[91,170],"into":[92,171],"advantages,":[94],"challenges,":[95],"opportunities,":[96],"limitations":[98],"this":[100,127],"integration,":[101,197],"addressing":[102],"security":[107],"concerns":[108],"IoT.":[110],"By":[111],"filling":[112],"research":[114,164,176,181],"gap":[115],"directly":[117],"examining":[118],"FL":[122,144],"interoperability":[123],"across":[124],"architectural":[125],"layers,":[126],"study":[128],"contributes":[129],"knowledge":[131],"expansion":[132],"field.":[135],"proposes":[138,179],"framework":[141,184],"for":[142,150],"implementing":[143,202],"BC":[146],"FC":[148],"environments":[149],"applications,":[152],"alongside":[153],"comprehensive":[155],"synthesis":[156,187],"existing":[158],"literature,":[159],"distinguishing":[160],"it":[161,167],"from":[162],"previous":[163],"efforts.":[165],"Furthermore,":[166],"offers":[168],"valuable":[169],"landscape,":[174],"identifies":[175],"needs,":[177],"future":[180],"directions.":[182],"literature":[186],"provided":[188],"allow":[189],"readers":[190],"access":[192],"customized":[193],"information":[194],"on":[195],"FC-BC-FL":[196],"aiding":[198],"designing":[200],"robust":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-16T13:24:37.021932","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}