{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396605123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526","title":"A Novel Approach for Fuzzification of Rough Sets Based on Fuzzy Preference Relation: Properties and Application to Medicine Selection Problem","display_name":"A Novel Approach for Fuzzification of Rough Sets Based on Fuzzy Preference Relation: Properties and Application to Medicine Selection Problem","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396605123","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3396526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023804984","display_name":"Rizwan Gul","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-1872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rizwan Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-1872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058840135","display_name":"Saba Ayub","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6963-3127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saba Ayub","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078902055","display_name":"Muhammad Shabir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3161-8482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shabir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ali Yahya Hummdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9570-4714"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82952536","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Yahya Hummdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9570-4714","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82952536"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035743797","display_name":"Amer Aljaedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amer Aljaedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031564954","display_name":"Zaid Bassfar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72264486","display_name":"University of Tabuk","ror":"https://ror.org/04yej8x59","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaid Bassfar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-885X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Information Technology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72264486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"apc_paid":{"value":1995,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1995},"fwci":3.1335,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92411106,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":null,"first_page":"67681","last_page":"67703"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11063","display_name":"Rough Sets and Fuzzy Logic","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10050","display_name":"Multi-Criteria Decision Making","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14351","display_name":"Statistical and Computational Modeling","score":0.923799991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.7098706960678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference","display_name":"Preference","score":0.668925404548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-set","display_name":"Rough set","score":0.6100549101829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.5632351040840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preference-relation","display_name":"Preference relation","score":0.5587154626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-set","display_name":"Fuzzy set","score":0.5040758848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-relation","display_name":"Equivalence relation","score":0.4994833469390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47545477747917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4725646376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.44857630133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4448421895503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4424522817134857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relation","display_name":"Relation (database)","score":0.4315893352031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.43027523159980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.41575106978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.2219291627407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.16744667291641235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.7098706960678101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.668925404548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111012933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3137210","display_name":"Rough set","level":2,"score":0.6100549101829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.5632351040840149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777062324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25036211","display_name":"Preference relation","level":3,"score":0.5587154626846313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42011625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1055058","display_name":"Fuzzy set","level":3,"score":0.5040758848190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156103551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130998","display_name":"Equivalence relation","level":2,"score":0.4994833469390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47545477747917175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4725646376609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.44857630133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4448421895503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4424522817134857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.4315893352031708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.43027523159980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.41575106978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2219291627407074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.16744667291641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3396526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:66cc821baccb43c884b4da813370ab8d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/66cc821baccb43c884b4da813370ab8d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 12, Pp 67681-67703 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2024.3396526","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3396526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1817829264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGP2/552/44","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","funder_display_name":"King Khalid University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324433","display_name":"King Khalid University","ror":"https://ror.org/052kwzs30"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7777689","https://openalex.org/W223459940","https://openalex.org/W279998616","https://openalex.org/W1484754041","https://openalex.org/W1580419169","https://openalex.org/W1601687988","https://openalex.org/W1754863686","https://openalex.org/W1893503423","https://openalex.org/W1975464269","https://openalex.org/W1982675899","https://openalex.org/W1983426508","https://openalex.org/W1990961529","https://openalex.org/W2002680690","https://openalex.org/W2011258762","https://openalex.org/W2012614494","https://openalex.org/W2014079765","https://openalex.org/W2024638676","https://openalex.org/W2030258531","https://openalex.org/W2031978194","https://openalex.org/W2033715707","https://openalex.org/W2047833440","https://openalex.org/W2051958371","https://openalex.org/W2060907774","https://openalex.org/W2065095840","https://openalex.org/W2074193720","https://openalex.org/W2082266564","https://openalex.org/W2088499853","https://openalex.org/W2101285186","https://openalex.org/W2107566963","https://openalex.org/W2129521002","https://openalex.org/W2134866037","https://openalex.org/W2143451122","https://openalex.org/W2145906330","https://openalex.org/W2158498085","https://openalex.org/W2167165857","https://openalex.org/W2170755382","https://openalex.org/W2214361950","https://openalex.org/W2294654886","https://openalex.org/W2318064754","https://openalex.org/W2341242281","https://openalex.org/W2463945886","https://openalex.org/W2506768821","https://openalex.org/W2512214103","https://openalex.org/W2533607442","https://openalex.org/W2560554126","https://openalex.org/W2566882407","https://openalex.org/W2784007560","https://openalex.org/W2791287783","https://openalex.org/W2884022287","https://openalex.org/W2896017664","https://openalex.org/W2901011786","https://openalex.org/W2901776415","https://openalex.org/W2907669428","https://openalex.org/W2919397193","https://openalex.org/W2951474993","https://openalex.org/W2991049551","https://openalex.org/W3011639715","https://openalex.org/W3129559923","https://openalex.org/W3212274627","https://openalex.org/W4207048925","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4226459955","https://openalex.org/W4255833381","https://openalex.org/W4312462107","https://openalex.org/W4320008838","https://openalex.org/W4386521680","https://openalex.org/W4388009228","https://openalex.org/W4388952974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389318318","https://openalex.org/W4247436880","https://openalex.org/W4205262062","https://openalex.org/W2064989302","https://openalex.org/W2600379663","https://openalex.org/W2220343220","https://openalex.org/W3150096374","https://openalex.org/W1899771913","https://openalex.org/W2000289627","https://openalex.org/W2305735113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Preference":[0],"analysis":[1,44],"is":[2],"a":[3,89,164,181,191,205],"significant":[4],"component":[5],"in":[6],"decision-making":[7],"(DM)":[8],"when":[9],"selecting":[10,185],"an":[11,186],"optimal":[12],"alternative.":[13],"By":[14],"comparing":[15],"any":[16],"two":[17,150],"alternatives":[18],"pairwise,":[19],"preference":[20,26,43,69,97],"relations":[21],"(PRs)":[22],"effectively":[23,38],"depict":[24],"the":[25,47,52,104,122,173,198,201],"degrees":[27],"of":[28,103,124,153,167,175,184,200],"decision-makers":[29],"(DMrs).":[30],"The":[31,100],"rough":[32,98,155],"set":[33],"theory":[34],"(RST)":[35],"has":[36],"been":[37],"applied":[39],"to":[40,64,115,189],"cope":[41],"with":[42,51,159],"by":[45],"swapping":[46],"equivalence":[48],"relation":[49,54],"(Er)":[50],"dominance":[53],"(DR).":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"study,":[58],"we":[59,87,120,148,179,195],"propose":[60],"new":[61,151],"transfer":[62,85],"functions":[63],"construct":[65,149],"alternatives\u2019":[66],"upward/downward":[67],"fuzzy":[68,77,126,131],"degree":[70],"(FPD)":[71],"for":[72,92],"evaluating":[73],"upward":[74,125,130,134],"and":[75,129,137,146],"downward":[76],"PRs":[78],"(FPRs).":[79],"Based":[80,143],"on":[81,144],"these":[82],"newly":[83],"proposed":[84,105,177],"functions,":[86],"present":[88],"novel":[90,165],"method":[91],"fuzzifying":[93],"RSs":[94],"called":[95],"theupward\u03b1-fuzzified":[96],"sets(\u03b1\u2191-FPRSs).":[99],"basic":[101],"properties":[102,140],"\u03b1\u2191-FPRSs":[106,116],"are":[107,117,141],"thoroughly":[108],"studied.":[109],"Moreover,":[110],"several":[111,138],"uncertainty":[112],"measures":[113],"related":[114,139],"presented.":[118],"Meanwhile,":[119],"offered":[121],"notion":[123],"\u03b2-covering":[127],"(UF\u03b2C)":[128],"\u03b2-neighborhood":[132,135],"(UF\u03b2-nghd),":[133],"(U\u03b2-nghd),":[136],"explored.":[142],"UF\u03b2-nghd":[145],"U\u03b2-nghd,":[147],"models":[152],"UF\u03b2C":[154],"sets":[156],"(UF\u03b2-CRSs)":[157],"along":[158],"their":[160],"properties.":[161],"We":[162],"formulate":[163],"technique":[166],"multi-attribute":[168],"DM":[169],"(MADM).":[170],"To":[171],"legitimise":[172],"practicality":[174],"our":[176],"model,":[178],"provide":[180],"real-life":[182],"example":[183],"appropriate":[187],"medication":[188],"treat":[190],"specific":[192],"disease.":[193],"Finally,":[194],"look":[196],"into":[197],"efficacy":[199],"launched":[202],"scheme":[203],"through":[204],"comparison":[206],"study.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}